The Sarbanes Oxley Act Of 2002 - 4626 Words

Policy Paper The Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 Jared Destine Business 102 - Section 122 July 26, 2015 Destine 2 Table of Contents Introduction†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦3 History†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦...†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.......4-5 Main Objectives/Description†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦5-6 Title I†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦...†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.6-7 Title II†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦...†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.7-8 Title III†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.8 Title IV†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦...9 Title V†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦9 Title VI†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.†¦10 Title VII†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..†¦...†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦10 Title VIII†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦...................10-11 Title IX†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦...†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦...†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.†¦11 Title†¦show more content†¦Numerous scandals broke out in the early 2000s, losing the trust of investors in the public market. Similar to the Great Depression, investors lost trust quickly. President Bush was practically forced to sign the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 into law, which he did on July 30, 2002. The name of the law generates from its two creators, Senator Paul Sarbanes and Representative Michael Oxley. The overall reason for the creation of the Sarbanes Oxley Act was market failure; moreover market failure due to information asymmetry. The Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 is referred to as SOX. SOX’s goal was to primarily fix the lousy auditing and accounting of public companies in the United States by composing new, strict regulations. Many companies falsified information and there was no specific method to observe and make sure each company put out correct information to the public. The market lost billions of dollars and stock prices plummeted in result of the scandals of several public companies. To implement the new, strict auditing system, the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) established the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (PCAOB). The Sarbanes-Oxley Act was born in 2002 and although it is almost 13 years old, there is still much debate about SOX having more benefits than costs. In my paper I look to address the law’s history, current situation, objectives, implementation, Destine 4 policy analysis, and strengths/weaknesses. In

The Short Happy Life Of Francis Macomber - 1049 Words

Ernest Hemingway’s Short Happy Life of Francis Macomber tells the story of Francis Macomber, who was on a hunting trip in Africa with his wife, Margaret. At the beginning of the story, Francis was shown to be a coward after he panicked and ran off when a lion charged after him. Margot was upset and disgusted by his cowardice, and later cheated on him with their hunting guide, Robert Wilson, who was a brave and handsome man. However, after the incident, Francis’ personality changed drastically. However, his newfound confidence and bravery was short-lived as he died in the hands of his own wife. Francis Macomber’s personality and his personality change can be described and explained in several ways. Based on Eysenck’s personality model,†¦show more content†¦Francis’ high level of agreeableness was obvious when he accepted all of his wife’s complaints and mockery without any complaints. He also followed all of Wilson’s orders during their hunt without hesitation. His level of conscientiousness was also very high when he was shown to be a responsible shooter. He listened to all of Wilson’s instructions and worked hard to improve his shooting skills and managed to shoot his targets precisely. He also had a low level of openness to experience, as Francis was very anxious and cautious when hunting the lion. However, at the end of the story, his level of agreeableness became low as he started to show hostility towards Wilson and Margot. He was cold and rude towards them. He even almost shouted at his wife, something he had never done earlier in the story. His conscientiousness level also became low when he became careless when he was about t o shoot the buffalos from the car, which could have cost Wilson his hunting license. His level of openness to experience increased drastically as he was shown to be more adventurous after he succeeded in killing two buffalos and was excited to search for his other missing buffalo. Based on the needs and motives perspective, Francis showed different needs and motives throughout the story. At the beginning of the story, Francis had a high need for intimacy as the reason for their hunting trip was to revitalize his relationship with his wife. His need for affiliation was also highShow MoreRelatedThe Short Happy Life Of Francis Macomber1145 Words   |  5 PagesItaly. The Cat in the Rain, Indian Camp and especially The Short Happy Life Francis Macomber represent this shift in the political climate of Italy. In his short stories Hemingway portrays knowledge as the dispersion of absolute power. The holders of power withhold knowledge to assert their power, attempt to nullify knowledge once it has been gained, and Force their way long after the strategy was applicable. In many of Hemingway’s short stories the oppressors attempts to prevent the oppressed fromRead MoreThe Short Happy Life Of Francis Macomber1240 Words   |  5 Pages224 Cheryl Temple July 10, 2017 The Short Happy Life of Francis Macomber: A Hemingway Hero In his novel â€Å"The Short Happy Life of Francis Macomber†, Ernest Hemingway portrays the conflict of how Americans consider normal aspects of admirable and heroic behavior. Francis Macomber, a wealthy American citizen goes on a visit the safari for an adventurous hunt. Francis wants to learn how to hunt and prove to himself that he can be a heroic male. Margot Macomber, his wife, accompanies him on his travelRead MoreThe Short Happy Life Of Francis Macomber1744 Words   |  7 PagesIn Ernest Hemingway’s short story â€Å"The Short Happy Life of Francis Macomber,† Hemingway uses the author’s craft of perspective, along with dialogue and internal dialogue to create a multi-part claim that develops an overall negative characterization of the three main characters. Hemingway develops the characterization of Wilson, Margaret, and Francis by using multiple perspectives as he threads a negative tone throughout the story. All throughout the story, readers are given the chance to look insideRead MoreOf The Rain, And The Short Happy Life Of Francis Macomber1229 Words   |  5 Pagesdominant attitude, and, as the old saying goes, fear created gods†. (John Dewey) Life often works like this. One person is dependant on the another. Ernest Hemingway wrote two very intriguing stories, Cat in the Rain, and The Short Happy Life of Francis Macomber. Both stories have a lead female character who is very vulnerable and counts on the other men in the story. Hemingway portrays women as dependant on the men in his short stories. The women in his stories rely on their husbands, have affairs withRead MoreThe Short Happy Life of Francis Macomber Essay801 Words   |  4 Pagesto fear, but fear itself.† Known by many, this common phrase has few words, but a intense meaning. In Ernest Hemingway’s short story, â€Å"The Short Happy Life of Francis Macomber,† the overcoming of fear is shown th roughout the story. Francis Macomber and his wife Margaret Macomber are on an African safari with a man name Robert Wilson. Hemingway portrays Francis Macomber as wealthy and beautiful, yet cowardly. Macombers wife Margaret also young and beautiful, but seemingly dissatisfied withRead MoreThe Killers And The Short Happy Life Of Francis Macomber1731 Words   |  7 Pages The Killers and The Short Happy Life of Francis Macomber By: Ernest Hemingway When analysing Ernest Hemingway s work in both â€Å"The Killers† and â€Å"The Short Happy Life of Francis Macomber† you come across many forms of literary devices that hemingway used throughout both novelas and how his application of the elements used in both stories. In both stories we see him use the themes of violence and grace when faced with violence as well as demonstrating the power relations between the characters ofRead More Analysis of The Short Happy Life of Francis Macomber by Ernest Hemingway909 Words   |  4 PagesAnalysis of The Short Happy Life of Francis Macomber by Ernest Hemingway Ernest Hemingway is known for producing novels and short stories with ambiguous endings. In his short story, The Short Happy Life of Francis Macomber, he definitely leaves his readers guessing. The question is whether Margot kills her husband, Francis, intenionally, or if she accidentally shoots him in an effort to save his life. There are many points that could be argued for both conclusions, but my observationsRead MoreThe Short Happy Life of Francis Macomber by Ernest Hemingway Essay1040 Words   |  5 Pagesverisimilar appearance of truth and correctness (even when doing things incorrectly, because after all, people make mistakes.) And with this distinction, we can begin to assess the characters in the eponymously titled short story of discussion in this paper: â€Å"The Short Happy Life of Francis Macomber,† by Ernest Hemingway. Starting from the character with the least impact—or to say, the character that does the least in terms of plot (and Im speaking relatively, of course), is Robert Wilson, the â€Å"white hunter†Read MoreThe Snows of Kilimanjaro and The Short, Happy Life of Francis Macomber2435 Words   |  10 PagesErnest Hemingway was an intricate and dedicated writer who devoted a significant portion of his life to writing multiple genres of stories. Throughout his stories, the similarities in his style and technique are easily noted and identified. Two of the short stories he wrote contain themes and motifs that specifically explain the plotline. The first story, â€Å"The Snows of Kilimanjaro,† sets its scene in the depths of a desolate area in Africa, where the main characters, Harry and his wife, decide toRead MoreThe Short Happy Life Of Francis Macomber By Ernest Hemingway1296 Words   |  6 Pagesthe darker parts of their nature and the insecurities they hide within. T he short story â€Å"The Short Happy Life of Francis Macomber† by Ernest Hemingway depicts the struggles between people caused by their weaknesses, yet are built upon the inner workings of gender roles, and how losing their fears could have let them break away from their cycle. The story starts with the wife, Margot Macomber, trying to join the men, Francis and Wilson, in conversation but they both quickly kick her from her wants in

Rational Number free essay sample

LEVEL I Q1) From the choices given below mark the co-prime numbers a) 2,3 (b) 2,4 (c) 2,5 (d) 2,107 Q2) Given a rational number -5/9. This rational number can also be known as a) A natural number (b) a rational number (c) a whole number (d) a real number Q3) The square root of which number is rational a) 7 (b) 1. 96 (c) 0. 04 (d) 13 Q4) 2 v7 is a) A rational number (b) an irrational number (c) a real number (d) a natural number Q5) To rationalize the denominator of the expression 1 , we multiply and divide by v7 v6 a) v7 + v6 (b) v6 (c) v7 ? v6 (d) v7 Q6) (125)-1/3 can be written as a) 5 (b) -5 (c) 1/5 (d) none of these Q7) Every point on the number line a) can be associated with a rational number b) can be associated with an irrational number c) can be associated with a natural number ) can be associated with a real number Q8) If z2 = 0. We will write a custom essay sample on Rational Number or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page 04, then z represents a ____________ number. Q9) The number of irrational numbers between 15 and 18 is infinite. True or False Q10) Multiply 5v2 by 17 Q11) Give an example each of two irrational numbers, whose Sum, Difference, Product and Quotient is rational and irrational number. Q12) Find two rational and irrational numbers between 0. 5 and 0. 55. Q13) Represent -12/5 on the number line Q14) Express 0. 047 in the form p/q where p and q are integers and q? . LEVEL II Q1) Examine whether the following numbers are rational or irrational: i) (2-v3)2 ii) (v2+v3)2 iii) v3-1 v3+1 Q2) Express each of the following as a rational number in the simplest form:

Influence of Rock and Reggaeton in Teenagers of This Era. free essay sample

The one that makes us who we are, he one that makes us happy, the one that completes our life. Since more than a thousand years ago there had been the presence of music in peoples lives. In every generation there have been different genres that are the most that people hear and enjoy. In Puerco Rice when our parents were teenagers they heard salsa and rock. These were the two major genres that they heard in that time. These were very different genres and people fought and made harsh discussions because of these very different types of music. But still they stick to it and they danced to it and went to concerts and all that.These differences, then they went out because then other genres became more popular. But still, they hear it and like it because thats the music that they grew up listening to and liked it. We will write a custom essay sample on Influence of Rock and Reggaeton in Teenagers of This Era. or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Therefore we can see that music could harm us because it works in our brains. We know this because music can make us sad or happy. If we are sad we want to hear music that cheer us up and so that we can feel better. Likewise, when we feel happy and we hear music that is sad we began to feel sad and people sometimes cry. Moreover, rhythm is very important in the aspect of music. The body has woo responses to music when it passes through our brains. These responses are (1) the actual hearing of the rhythm and (2) the physical response to the rhythm (Laurence ODonnell). When we hear music we like to hear the rhythm of the music so we can dance to it. In addition, in health its proven that fast music can increase your heartbeat and also your breathing. Likewise, if you hear slow music it slows your heartbeat and your breathing and it brings down your blood pressure. So this means that music has a great part in your brain and it goes throughout your brain and it could help or harm our health.Even when you are a baby in your mothers uterus, scientifically speaking, they hear the music and when they come out almost every single one of them when they grow older they have already a musical preference. This is because the brain already has that rhythm and that music in it and thats why the baby when it grows up, almost everyone of them, likes certain types of music. Accordingly, when kids grow up and become teenagers they began to form their social lives and began to define themselves. Adolescent are in a time period that think that they are always right and that they are the ones hat rule the world.This is why they always think that what they choose is what is right for them. This is when the music becomes a great part of their behavior of ruling the world. There they begin to go out with certain types of friends that like the same music that they hear. Some teenagers listen to rock music, when others listen to regnant. These two extremely different genres are the ones that are the most listen at right now in this era. The rock music is the kind of music that just certain people like. This genre was really popular in 1 sass when Elvis Presley sang rock roll.This kind of sic is a way of people to express everything they have inside of them. Is a Way to get everything bad out Of you System and Scream On the top of your lungs so that everything is out and said. This became a rebellious point in some teenagers lives. Still, in this time period some teens listen rock music not just because they like it, they also do it because they are rebellious with their parents and that is the only way they have to get that anger out of their minds. Furthermore, rock music has its own style. Now the adolescents that hear this music they began to dress different that they used to when they ere kids.They began using color black and pink. They had all this black make up that even parents dont like and sometimes thats why teenagers do it. Also they do it to fit in with this group of people that listen to rock music. They want to be like them because now these people are they role models for now on. They, again, change their way of talking and how they refer to people. Sometimes is good for them because now they have friends and they have their own identities, but on the other hand parents are not fine with it and they mostly dont know what to do with their children.Then the results are that parents began to ground their kids and this is worse for them and then they become more rebellious with their parents because now this are who they are and they cant change that. At the same time in the genre of regnant there is a similarity. In regnant there is this rhythm that many adolescents like because they like to dance to it. For this reason many teenagers listen to thins type of music. Some teens began to her this music because of the rhythm that it has. Other teens hear it so that they could fit in with certain people that they think they re cool and they want to be part Of them.Many of them think that by hearing that music they are cool, but what they really have to do is listen to it closely so that they could hear what the music is really about. The influence of the music of regnant on teenagers is not really good. This is because of the content that the lyrics have. If you listen closely you can hear that many songs denigrate women and even women hear it and they dont care. They are at the point that they dont care about what the song says. They just sing it without thin king what they are singing.Also, when some guys hear the lyrics they want to do those things that the song says like: Enter al quarto, sbell el volume al radio, queue Nadine SE enter De 10 queue vamoose a hacker shah! Calla, m ©tell clients, condo et Mira al espies dime com et sinter (Alexis y Fide). So there you can see that the music doesnt have lyrics that are good for a teenagers mind. They want to do those things knowing that they are not right. This songs influence in a teenagers life greatly because then they want to prove their friends that they can do all that stuff that they are really men.But after all that they learn from it and in the long run they begin to know what they are doing. Being a rocker or being a cacao they are still teenagers that have to learn from their mistakes. They both have similarities which are that they are undergoing an identity crisis that has to be resolve by their own experiences. They both have their flaws which are the rockers they have this anger issues and this rebellious behavior with parents and authority and the cacaos have this behavior of being superior than anyone and that they are men and have to do what grown men do.

Marines Essays - Military Education And Training,

Marines Being a Marine is the most challenging and rewarding responsibility a person could face. It is a known fact that the Marines have the toughest and most difficulty training course in the world. Men and women from all over the world try their abilities of strength and courage to see what life can throw at them, and what it is to be a true Marine(Conner). The United States Marine mental and moral qualities have been tested throughout history. Through the long history of the Marine Corps there are examples, both in war and in peace, of such qualities as versatility, trustworthiness, singleness and tenacity of purpose, courage, faithfulness, and self-sacrifice (Marines Welcome). On November 10, 1775, the Continental Congress meeting in Philadelphia passed a resolution stating that "two Battalions of Marines be raised" for service as landing forces with the fleet. This resolution, established the Continental Marines and marked the birth date of the United States Marine Corps. Serving on land and at sea, these first Marines distinguished themselves in a number of important operations, including their first amphibious raid into the Bahamas in March 1776, under the command of Captain (later Major) Samuel Nicholas. Nicholas, the first commissioned officer in the Continental Marines, remained the senior Marine officer throughout the American Revolution and is considered to be the first Marine Commandant. The Treaty of Paris in April 1783 brought an end to the Revolutionary War and as the last of the Navy's ships were sold, the Continental Navy and Marines went out of existence. Following the Revolutionary War and the formal re-establishment of the Marine Corps on 11 July 1798, Marines saw action in the quasi-war with France, landed in Santo Domingo, and took part in many operations against the Barbary pirates along the "Shores of Tripoli". Marines participated in numerous naval operations during the War of 1812, as well as participating in the defense of Washington at Bladensburg, Maryland, and fought alongside Andrew Jackson in the defeat of the British at New Orleans. The decades following the War of 1812 saw the Marines protecting American interests around the world, in the Caribbean, at the Falkland Islands, Sumatra and off the coast of West Africa, and also close to home in the operations against the Seminole Indians in Florida. During the Mexican War (1846-1848), Marines seized enemy seaports on both the Gulf and Pacific coasts. A battalion of Marines joined General Scott's army at Pueblo and fought all the way to the "Halls of Montezuma," Mexico City. Marines also served ashore and afloat in the Civil War (1861-1865). Although most service was with the Navy, a battalion fought at Bull Run and other units saw action with the blockading squadrons and at Cape Hatteras, New Orleans, Charleston, and Fort Fisher. The last third of the 19th century saw Marines making numerous landings throughout the world, especially in the Orient and in the Caribbean area (History and Museums ). The Marines continue to serve the nation from all parts of the globe. In tradition, the world famed the Marine Corps has the important role of being the " force in readiness" to help keep the peace throughout the world (Marine Corps 44) The Marine Corps Recruit Depot is at Parris Island, South Carolina where it all began. It was organized by Brigadier General Wallace M. Greene Jr. The Recruit Training Regiment was organized to control all activities dealing with training the male recruits. Parris Island was not only for the male recruits, but women Marines had a big part on the island also. It became the permanent basic training site for all women marines. (Continental 23) The Regiment consists of the first, Second, Third, and Forth (Women's) Battalions and weapons battalion. In addition to training the recruits, it has a Drill Instructors School and NCO School. Command of the Head quarters and Service Battalion has all the support units and schools to train. Parris Island not only has the regiments to command, but it has been known for the progress mainly along the military lines. It keeps its pace with advances in the art of training recruits, making one of the most efficient and picturesque military reservations in the world. Parris Island stands proud of its heritage, satisfied with the accomplishments and is ready to face future challenges. (Marine Corps 29) Now that we know the history of how the Marines began, we can start on the training course part. As soon as the Recruits arrive at Parris Island, The military starts processing each person. Shortly after that the Sergeants

Chinese New Year Foods

Chinese New Year Foods Introduction Culture can be defined as the way of life of a given people. It entails how people behave and perceive different life issues. It includes aspects like religion, ethnicity, customs, language, beliefs, and food among others that define a people.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Chinese New Year Foods specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Culture varies from one place to the other depending on the circumstances surrounding a place, for instance, climate and environment as well as how people perceive different things. Chinese culture is unique in its way and stands out distinctively among other cultures through different cultural aspects such as foods taken on different occasions. This piece of work will give an in depth discussion of Chinese culture with the central focus being on the Chinese New Year Foods and its relationship with the changes that have been experienced in the Chinese Cultures. How the cultural production or cultural producer struggled to change the boundaries and meanings of what can be said or done will also be discussed. To have a clear understanding of the concept in question, it is advisable to give some background information. Chinese New Year is a concept that has received a lot of concern among different people. It has been celebrated for more than 4000 years. In China it was a holiday that was initially meant to mark the end of winter and the beginning of spring, which was deemed to be the start of a New Year (Flanagan, Zhurkina, Labbo 7). It is one of the most significant holidays in Chinese traditions that is celebrated all over east and South-East-Asia. A lot of importance is attached to this celebration to an extent of influencing the overall Chinese culture to a large extent. Most things done during this festive are clearly seen in carrying out of different Chinese cultural aspects. What the Chinese New Year Foods reveal about the changing and contested natu re of Chinese cultures and how this cultural production or cultural producer struggled to change the boundaries and meanings of what can be said or doneAdvertising Looking for essay on cultural studies? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Chinese culture is a unique one. It is considered to be one of the world’s complex and oldest cultures. The Chinese culture is portrayed in a relatively large geographical region of eastern Asia. Although there exists some differences in the customs and traditions among different cites, towns, and provinces some cultural aspects are usually maintained. These include traditional food, cultural celebrations, music, martial arts, literature, and visual arts among others (Davis 10). Just like any other aspect, culture is subject to changes with passage of time. Although Chinese culture has been perceived by many to be static, the reality is that no one culture is absolutely static bu t rather undergoes some changes no matter how minor they may be. The modern civilization that emerged from Europe and America is one of the factors that are linked with the changes in the Chinese culture. Modern Chinese culture has been invaded by other external cultures especially from Europe and the United States of America. Over the past 20 years, the Peoples Republic of China has been observed to be adopting western culture and technology in a rapid rate. A good example to support this statement can be seen in their extensive acceptance of a lot of aspects such as cell phones, fast food as well as the American television (Kleinman Tsung-Yi Lin 4). The Chinese New Year’s festival has had a lot of influence on the Chinese culture as a whole. This is more so due to the significance that has been attached to this festival. This can even be seen through the number of days it is given on the lunar calendar as compared to other holidays. Some of the beliefs associated with the Chinese New Year festival have been maintained up to date while others have undergone some changes over the years. The Chinese New Year festival or the spring festival is still the largest celebration in China.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Chinese New Year Foods specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Despite the fact that Chinese New Year occurs on dates that usually vary from between mid January to mid February, it is strictly observed among different Chinese populations. During this time, people are involved with various activities, for instance, a thorough cleaning of houses to signify a new start and giving of the children money packaged in red envelopes as a sign of good luck and attainment of happiness in the coming year. This occasion is also dedication in honour of the ancestors and activities such as fireworks and parades with dancers who are smartly dressed are common during this function. The Chinese New Yea r festival is considered to be a significant part of China’s culture. As stated earlier, Chinese New Year is the most regarded festival in China and therefore it is highly celebrated not only in China but also in countries and territories with a considerable number of Chinese populations, for instance, Hong Kong, Philippines, Malaysia, Indonesia, Taiwan, Thailand, Tibet, Singapore, and Mainland China among others. Among the reasons behind the aspect being considered to be Chinese and to form a large portion of the overall Chinese culture is the fact that it started in China, that is, it has its roots in china. Despite the fact that the Chinese New Year festival is celebrated in different parts of the world, its origin is in China. Consequently, the festival is practiced mainly by the Chinese populations and it involves China’s cultural aspects including the foods that are prepared and served during this time. To show how important the festival is perceived in China, Ch inese New Year is the longest holiday in the country’s calendar taking a total of 15days. The Chinese New Year Foods is a significant element in the entire festival. Food is given noteworthy importance in the Chinese culture. Traditional Chinese food is prepared way before the beginning of the New Year since according to the Chinese culture, the people are not supposed to prepare and cook food within the first five days of the year.Advertising Looking for essay on cultural studies? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More This is however somehow tricky due to the fact that as opposed to other holidays that have some fixed calendar dates, the date of the Chinese New Year changes each and every year based on the lunar calendar. The Chinese people stay prepared at around this time to avoid any form of inconveniences. Some of the traditional foods include savoury dumplings, nian gao also known as sweet sticky rice cake, turnip cakes, Yusheng, taro cakes, noodles, mandarin oranges, fish and Buddhas’s delight among others. All these foods offered during the Chinese New Year are extremely delicious and deemed crucial to the Chinese people. Each type of food carries along a symbolic significance. For instance, serving a whole chicken during this festival is a sign of family togetherness. For this reason, all family members are expected to come together and celebrate in union. The noodles on the other hand are a sign of long life and should be prepared and served without cutting them. The sweet steamed cakes also have a symbolic meaning. The sticky rice cake, for example, stand for a wealthy sweet life that is full of good things for the coming year. This is represented by its sweetness and layers (Chiu par 12). Back from the early days, a lot of importance has been given to the traditional Chinese New Year food. They are for example taken as a symbol of opulence, good health, long life and good luck in general life for every individual who partake it. Apart from offering physical satisfaction, the food is associated with some old Chinese beliefs that keep the Chinese people going to present moments. For instance, most of the foods are expected to wish the people good things in the coming year. The Chinese cultures are portrayed by the different activities that the people engage in. Research shows that even though some concepts have been maintained to today, there are some cultural changes that are quite evident. This can even be seen through the Chinese New year Foods. These cha nges can be attributed to changes in times and cultural beliefs about some issues due to exposure, for instance, through technological innovations and developments. Gleason (12) asserts that years ago, on the New Year’s eve, Chinese people would take baths with mint leaves in the water with the believe that this practice would make them superfluously clean. It was as well believed that it was not right to wash during the New Year’s Day since by doing so people would wash away their good luck for the coming year. Although some of these beliefs still stand among some individuals, there are some other cultural aspects that have been adopted in today’s world among the Chinese people. For instance, there is a tendency of many people getting their haircut and buying of new clothes before or on the eve of the New Year’s Day as a sign of being fresh and leaving the past. Colour red is preferred by many for the clothing due to the fact that it is associated with h appiness and thus it was believed that putting them on the New Year’s Day would bring happiness to the people throughout the following year. It is also a belief that change of appearance through new haircuts and clothes is a way that is expected to put off the evil spirits that disturbed them in the past year as they would not recognize who they were, after the change. Another issue that is linked with the Chinese New Year festival and culture is the fact that people have believed that they ought to do away with or finish everything that had been started over the past year. For instance, people are expected to pay back any money they owe others as well as settle any form of discrepancies that could exist between their families and friends before the begging of the New Year. The children are also expected to catch up on their schoolwork. In a nutshell, the Chinese culture requires that everything should be in a perfect condition for New Year’s Day in an effort to make t he coming year a success; filled with good things (Gleason 13). Looking at the Chinese New Year ceremony and all the issues that surround it, including the food taken and the significance attached to them, it is clear that it has played a great role in shaping the overall Chinese culture. There are various do’s and don’ts that are stipulated in regard to this ceremony with respect to what ought to bring good luck to the people and what could be a source of bad luck in the coming year. The Chinese New Year celebration stipulates what is supposed to be done and said among the Chinese population all over the world not only during this season but also under normal circumstances, for instance, when doing business. Amazingly, the practices of the Chinese New Year have been seen to influence the overall Chinese culture in many ways. One good example is on the changing culture and etiquette. From the Chinese New Year festivals, a lot of cultural aspects can be learnt most of w hich affect how the Chinese people behave and how they expect those they come across, irrespective of their origin, to behave. The understanding of several key cultural concepts associated with the Chinese culture is helpful in carrying out both individual as well as business related activities in China. It is therefore advisable to have some basic knowledge of the socio-cultural, historical, political, and economic situation in China before entering the country for any purpose. The cultural differences are also essential. They include the verbal and non verbal communication styles and the issues surrounding the Chinese etiquette, for instance, proper banquet behaviour and giving of gifts. All these aspects can be drawn from the Chinese New Year festival and hence its importance in the overall Chinese culture. Conclusion From the above discussion, it is evident that the Chinese New Year food and the entire festival have an extremely critical part to play in the cultures in China. Th is is more so because a lot of importance is attached to this issue and a lot of activities are done in preparation to the big day and it is celebrated for a relatively long period of time (15 days) as compared to other holidays. Over the past decade, there are some cultural traditional concepts that have been maintained year after year while some concepts and beliefs have changed for the best of the communities. All in all, a great percentage of the cultural concepts that were present long before have been maintained up to today; an aspect that contributes much to the value that is attached to the Chinese New Year festival. However, it is clear that no single culture in the world is absolutely static but rather it undergoes some changes no matter how minor they may be. China’s culture is therefore not an exception and it has experienced a revolutionary rate of change. External factors play a great role in facilitating cultural change in different parts of the world, for inst ance, expansion of international trade and mass media as well as massive human population increase. Chiu, Lisa. â€Å"The History of Chinese New Year.† About.com. 2011. 19 Oct. 2011. https://www.thoughtco.com/history-of-chinese-new-year-687496 Davis, Edward, Lawrence. Encyclopaedia of contemporary Chinese culture. New York: Taylor Francis, 2005. Print Flanagan, Alice., Zhurkina, Svetlana., Labbo Linda. Chinese New Year. Minneapolis, MN: Compass Point Books, 2003. Print Gleason, Carrie. Chinese New Year. New York: Crabtree Publishing Company, 2008. Print Kleinman, Arthur., Tsung-Yi Lin. Normal and Abnormal Behaviour in Chinese Culture. New York: Springer, 1981. Print

Employee Training in Domtar Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

Employee Training in Domtar - Research Paper Example Their training would enhance them with skills in the way that they can make efficient strategic goals and how to implement the goals. The employees should be organized according to their levels or ranks in the company. The different groups should be trained differently (Bari, 2000). The learning objectives in Domtar Company would be to cut costs. The costs will be cut if the processes of the company are efficient. The other objective would be to maintain a positive customer relationship. The customers should be considered before the company makes any decision and their satisfaction should be the source of any decision made. The other objective of the training should be to make feasible decisions that will ensure the prosperity of the business.The organizational constraints that may be incurred in the learning process may include; finances. The learning process is an expensive process, hence the cost factor must be considered. The company may not be willing to invest a lot in employee training and that should be avoided. The other constraint may be the time constraint. In the course of the training, the operations of the company must also continue, that means that time available will be minimal. The learning should be organized in a way that the sessions will be accommodated in the normal working schedule of the company. The other constraint that may exist will be resistance from employees. The constraints can be addressed by the employees been told the importance of the training. The other way the constraints can be addressed would be by the company providing resources that are useful in the training.

Issues on Down Syndrome Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Issues on Down Syndrome - Essay Example It is usual that open language skills to ageing adults with Down syndrome, are affected significantly compared to expressive skills (Carter Young & Kramer, 1991). Expressive language may remain intact over a long period, thus acting as a measure of overall ability. Studies have extensively examined adults with Down syndrome on their communication and language. Predictors such as school tutorials, how the person with the disorder grows up in the family, and enrichment therapies influence their academic performance (Bird &Thomas, 2002). Age, language and related skills in adults with downs syndrome Studies based on downs syndrome are increasing rapidly. Most of these studies seek to establish the connection among ageing, language and correlated skills in adults. According to Iacono, Torr, &Wong’s inferences, the measures of relationship between language and ageing fail to investigate linguistic domains but rather sensitivity to change. It is evident that expressive language tend s to decline with age among adults with downs syndrome compared to receptive language. Studies show that, receptive vocabulary is stronger with age than auditory sentence structure (Cooper & Collacott, 1995). In this case, the expressive language is weak, the speech delays or slows among ageing adults. According to Rasmussen & Sobsey 1994, longitudinal studies conducted on forty (40) years old adults with downs syndrome shows much loss in communication skills in particular receptive language. The study also indicated that dyspraxia sets in, a central nervous system condition affecting speech production. In addiction, this disorder affects the accuracy in gesture use. The ability to respond to auditory stimuli weakens with age meaning that the affected may not respond to when addressed verbally. There are difficulties in comprehending vocals, in this case the person with downs syndrome is poor in understanding spoken language and word discrimination. Scholars questions whether the la nguage decline was as a result of loss of memory, or part of adult-ageing process related to downs syndrome. Receptive language in downs syndrome individuals (40-49 years) shown to be low in comparison to the younger individuals (Dalton and Crapper-McLachlan, 1986). Predictors of intellectual attainments of young people with Down’s syndrome According to Turner, S., Alborz, A., & Gayle, V. 2008, most people think that academic achievement is anchored on the type and quality of education. Moreover, they lack knowledge on how parents can offer incredible support. In cases where children have a disability, people lack confidence on intellectual attainment of the child at home and school. However, school and guardians play a salient role in education. Stephen turner and his colleagues reported findings on a research they conducted. These findings identify school and parents as factors that influence academic achievements of young people with Down syndrome. The children in the long itudinal research were born between 1973 to 1980. The children under study varied in cognitive behavior, this was mainly to represent different abilities in downs syndrome. The researchers also choose families based on occupation and education backgrounds. Research indicated that young people with Down syndrome predict progress. Young people who attended mainstream school had impressive academic attainment in writing, reading and numbering even in their adulthood. Turner and Gayle points

Business Etiquette - Cubical Space Research Paper

Business Etiquette - Cubical Space - Research Paper Example Knowing how to communicate with decorum will help keep the business as well as grow some leads for the next business. (Columbia University Centre for Career education, 2012). Ensuring continued premises maintenance: In this kind of business, professional presentation go a long way in expressing how organized a company is and thus winning the customers trust. It will be essential to consider doing office maintenance as a way of setting professional standards for the services we provide. ( Columbia University Centre for Career education, 2012) Ensuring that tenants understand the tenure contract: Most of the times, tenants take less interest on terms of lease. Many of them do not understand the meaning of terms like triple net lease, load factor, full service e.t.c. It is important for the proprietor to ensure that the tenant understand what they are signing to avoid any conflict when bleach of tenure happens. (Wolfe, 2012). Keeping to the tenure contact: To develop trust and reliability, it is important for the company to ensure that contracts and agreements are kept strict (Wolfe, 2012). This will go a long way in buying customer’s trust as well as open leads for future business. As a cubicle space leasing company, it is important to consider professional practices like phone and communication etiquette, premise maintenance, leading tenants to understand the tenure contract and commitment to keep to the tenure contract. All the etiquette concerns should be geared towards establishing business leads and maximum trust in the company’s professionalism. Columbia University Centre for Career education. (2012). Skills- Business Etiquette. The Trustees of Colimbia University in the City of New York. Retrieved from: http://www.careereducation.columbia.edu/resources/tipsheets/skills-business-etiquette Wolfe, L. (2012). 3 questions to Ask Before Negotiating or Signing a

Agitation Leaching Theory And Practice Biology Essay

Agitation Leaching Theory And Practice Biology Essay Agitation leaching is a chemical process where in the soil that is to be mixed or slurried is kept in contact for a certain period of time with fluid to be extracted. The metal solubility rate is reduces quite noticeably, and the extraction gets completed on the approach of equilibrium between the metal present in the solution and the metal contained on the surface of the soil is approached Excess metal will not be extracted from the surface of the soil unless the soil is accessed by fresh extraction solution and the contact time increases when the system is at equilibrium. On reaching equilibrium, the soil is separated from the extraction fluid using sedimentation, thickening, or clarification. An agitation vat coupled with a solid-liquid separation vessel (typical processes like clarification or sedimentation) is considered to be a single stage The process of extraction is then generally continued in a separate extraction vat and the clear solution obtained from the extraction process is used to speed up the rate of extraction [1]. Agitation leaching-Practice Cyanide and the Gold Industry Introduction One of the most widely used industrial practices is the cyanidation process in the gold industry. Amount of gold present in ores typically occurs at very low concentrations in ores which generally range from less than 10 gm/tonne. At the low level of the gold concentrations the most predominant method used extensively and one that is cost effective is the aqueous hydrometallurgical extraction processes to extract the gold from its ore. Typical hydrometallurgical gold recovery involves an agitation leaching step where the gold is dissolved in an aqueous medium, followed by the separation of the gold bearing solution from the residues, or adsorption of the gold onto activated carbon. After elution from the activated carbon the gold is further concentrated by electrodeposition or precipitation. Gold is one of the noble metals and is not very much soluble in water. Complexes, like cyanide, is known for stabilizing the gold species in solution, along with an oxidant preferably oxygen thereby dissolving the required amount of gold. The amount of cyanide in solution required for complete dissolution may be typically of very low concentrations such as 350 mg/l which accounts for around 0.035% of 100% sodium cyanide Alternative complexing agents for gold, such as chloride, bromide, thiourea, and thiosulfate form less stable complexes and thus require more aggressive conditions and oxidants to dissolve the gold. These reagents present risks to health and the environment, and are more expensive. This justifies the dominance of cyanide as the primary reagent for the leaching of gold from ores since its introduction in the latter half of the 19th century. Manufacture, Transport and Storage of Cyanide Approximately 1.1 million metric tons of hydrogen cyanide is produced annually worldwide, with approximately 6% used to produce cyanide reagents for the processing of gold. The remaining 94% is used in industrial applications including production of plastics, fire retardants, cosmetics, adhesives pharmaceuticals, food processing and as an anti-caking additive for table and road salts. Cyanide is manufactured and distributed for use in gold mining industries in a variety of physical and chemical forms, including solid briquettes, flake cyanide and liquid cyanide. Sodium cyanide is supplied as either briquettes or liquid, while calcium cyanide is supplied in flake form and also in liquid form. The strength of bulk cyanide reagents vary from 98% for sodium cyanide briquettes, 44-50% for flake calcium cyanide, 28-33% for liquid sodium cyanide and 15-18% for liquid calcium cyanide. The product strength is quoted on a molar basis as either sodium or calcium cyanide. The form of cyanide reagent chosen for use typically depends on availability, distance from the source and cost. Where liquid cyanide is used, it is transported to the mine by tanker truck or rail car and is off-loaded into a storage tank. The truck or rail car may have a single or double walled tank, and the location and design of the discharge equipment varies by vehicle. Solid briquette or flake cyanide is transported to the mine in drums, plastic bags, boxes, returnable bins and ISO-containers. The mine generally designs and constructs the necessary equipment to safely dissolve the solid cyanide in a high-pH solution considering the packaging of the reagent. The pH value of cyanide solutions during dissolution must be maintained above pH 12 to avoid the volatilization of the hazardous hydrogen cyanide (HCN) gas. The resulting cyanide solution is then pumped to a storage tank prior to introduction into the process. The cyanide solution is fed from the storage tank into the metallurgical process stream in proportion to the dry mass of solids in the process stream. The feed rate of cyanide is controlled to maintain an optimum cyanide level as demanded by the metallurgy of the ore being treated. Ore Preparation Preparation of the ore is necessary so that it can be presented to the aqueous cyanide solution in a form that will ensure the optimal economic recovery of the gold. The first step in ore preparation is crushing and grinding, which reduces the particle size of the ore and liberates the gold for recovery. Ore that contains free gold may not yield a sufficiently high recovery by sole use of cyanide leaching, due to a very long dissolution time for large gold particles. Such ore may first be subject to a gravity recovery process to recover the free gold before being subjected to cyanide leaching. Gold bearing ores that contain gold associated with sulphide or carbonaceous minerals require additional treatment, other than size reduction, prior to gold recovery. Gold recovery from sulphide ore is poor because the cyanide preferentially leaches the sulphide minerals rather than the gold, and cyanide is consumed by the formation of thiocyanate. These ores are subject to a concentration processes such as flotation, followed by a secondary process to oxidize the sulphides, thereby limiting their interaction with the cyanide during the gold leach. Carbonaceous minerals adsorb gold once solubilised; oxidizing the ore prior to leaching prevents this. To counter this affect, the leaching process may also be modified by the addition of activated carbon to preferentially adsorb the gold. Leaching with Aqueous Cyanide Solutions When gold is leached in an aqueous cyanide solution it forms a gold-cyanide complex by oxidizing with an oxidant such as dissolved oxygen and cyanide complexation. This complex is very stable and the cyanide required is only slightly in excess of the stoichiometric requirement. However, in practice the amount of cyanide used in leach solutions is dictated by the presence of other cyanide consumers, and the need to increase the rate of leaching to acceptable levels. Typical cyanide concentrations used in practice range from 300 to 500 mg/l (0.03 to 0.05% as NaCN) depending on the mineralogy of the ore. The gold is recovered by means of either heap leaching or agitated pulp leaching. In heap or dump leaching the ore or agglomerated fine ore is stacked in heaps on a pad lined with an impermeable membrane. Cyanide solution is introduced to the heap by sprinklers or a drip irrigation system. The solution percolates through the heap leaching the gold from the ore, and the resultant gold bearing solution is collected on the impermeable membrane and channelled to storage facilities for further processing. Heap leaching is attractive due to the low capital cost involved, but is a slow process and the gold extraction efficiency is a relatively low 50-75%. In a conventional milling and agitated leaching circuit, the ore is milled in semi-autogenously ball or rod mills until it is the consistency of powder. The slurry is conveyed to a series of leach tanks. The slurry is agitated in the leach tanks, either mechanically or by means of air injection, to increase the contact of cyanide and oxygen with the gold and enhance the efficiency of the leach process. The cyanide then dissolves gold from the ore and forms a stable gold-cyanide complex. The use of oxygen or peroxy compounds instead of air as an oxidant increases the leach rate and decreases cyanide consumption, due to the inactivation of some of the cyanide consuming species present in the slurry. The pH of the slurry is raised to pH 10-11 using lime, at the head of the leach circuit to ensure that when cyanide is added, toxic hydrogen cyanide gas is not generated and the cyanide is kept in solution to dissolve the gold. The slurry may also be subject to other preconditioning such as pre-oxidation at the head of the circuit before cyanide is added. Highly activated carbon is used in the dissolved gold recovery process, either by introducing it directly into the CIL (carbon-in-leach) tanks or into separate CIP (carbon-in-pulp) tanks after leaching. The activated carbon adsorbs the dissolved gold from the leach slurry thereby concentrating it onto a smaller mass of solids. The carbon is then separated from the slurry by screening and subjected to further treatment to recover the adsorbed gold. When carbon is not used to adsorb the dissolved gold in the above-mentioned leach slurry, the gold bearing solution must be separated from the solids components utilizing filtration or thickening units. The resultant solution, referred to as pregnant solution, is subjected to further treatment (other than by carbon absorption) to recover the dissolved gold. The waste from which the gold was removed by any means is referred to as residue or tailings material. The residue is either dewatered to recover the solution, treated to neutralize or recover cyanide, or is sent directly to the tailing storage facility. Recovery of Dissolved Gold Gold is recovered from the solution first using either cementation on zinc powder or concentrating the gold using adsorption on activated carbon, followed by elution and concluding with either cementation with zinc or electro winning. For efficient cementation, a clear solution prepared by filtration or counter current decantation is required. The most cost-effective process is to create adsorption of the dissolved gold onto activated carbon, resulting in an easier solid-solid separation based on size. To achieve this; the ore particles must typically be smaller than 100 ÂÂ µm while the carbon particles must be larger than 500 ÂÂ µm. Adsorption is achieved by contacting the activated carbon with the agitated pulp. This can be done while the gold is still being leached with the CIL-process, or following leaching with the CIP-process. The CIL-process offers the advantage of countering the adsorption of gold on carbonaceous or shale ore particles, but is more expensive due to less efficient adsorption, increased gold inventory and increased fouling and abrasion of the carbon. Activated carbon in contact with a pulp containing gold can typically recover more than 99.5% of the gold in the solution in 8 to 24 hours, depending on the reactivity of the carbon, the amount of carbon used and the mixers efficiency. The loaded carbon is then separated from the pulp by screens that are air or hydro dynamically swept, thus preventing blinding by the near sized carbon particles. The pulp residue is then either thickened to separate the cyanide containing solution for recovery/destruction of the cyanide, or sent directly to the tailings storage facility from which the cyanide containing solution is recycled to the leach plant. The gold adsorbed on the activated carbon is recovered from the carbon by elution, typically with a hot caustic aqueous cyanide solution. The carbon is then regenerated and returned to the adsorption circuit while the gold is recovered from the eluate using either zinc cementation or electro winning. If it contains significant amounts of base metals, the gold concentrate is then either calcined or directly smelted and refined to gold bullion that typically contains about 70 90% gold. The bullion is then further refined to 99.99% fineness using smelting, chlorination, and electro-refining. High purity gold is taken directly from activated carbon eluates, using recently developed processes that utilize solvent extraction techniques to produce intensive leaching of gravity concentrates [2]. Agitation leaching-Applications Commonly applied to a wide range of ore types, agitation leaching has been in use for well over 200 years. Leaching is typically performed in steel tanks, and the solids are kept in suspension by air or mechanical agitation. Air agitation in carried out in conical-bottomed leach tanks (Browns or Pachuca tanks) was widely practiced in the early years of cyanidation but has been overtaken in recent times by more efficient mechanical agitation with reduced energy requirements and improved mixing efficiency. Well-designed systems can approach perfectly mixed flow conditions in a single reactor, which help to optimize reaction kinetics and make the most of available leaching equipment. Particle size. The material to be leached is ground to a size that optimizes gold recovery and communition costs. In a few cases, whole ore is being ground to very less particle sizes for optimal processing, either by oxidative pre-treatment and/or leaching. Agitation leaching is rarely applied to material at greater coarse sizes because it becomes increasingly difficult to keep coarse solids in suspension, and abrasion rates increase. Increasingly, agitation leaching is being considered to treat very finely ground materials and, with the advances in ultrafine milling equipment have been ground to lesser particle sizes to liberate gold contained in refractory along with the sulphide mineral matrices prior to processing by agitation leaching and/or oxidative pre-treatment. Slurry density. Leaching is usually performed at slurry densities of between 35%and 50% solids, depending on the solids specific gravity, particle size, and the presence of minerals that affect slurry viscosity (e.g., clays). Mass transport phenomena are maximized at low slurry densities; however, solids retention time in a fixed volume of leaching equipment increases as the density increases. In addition, reagent consumptions are minimized by maximizing slurry density, since optimal concentrations can be achieved at lower dosages, because of the smaller volume of solution per unit mass of material. Modification of pH Alkali, required for slurry pH modification and control, must always be added before cyanide addition to provide protective alkalinity, which prevents excessive loss of cyanide by hydrolysis. Most leaching systems operate between pH 10 and 11. Staged addition of alkali may be required throughout the leaching circuit to maintain the desired operating pH, particularly when treating ores containing alkali-consuming materials. pH control is achieved by manual or automatic (on-line) measurement at various stages in the process. Calcium hydroxide (slaked lime, Ca (OH),), or sodium hydroxide can be used for pH modification. Calcium hydroxide (slaked lime) is the cheaper of the two but is less soluble and produces solutions that are much more susceptible to salt precipitation and scale formation. Unslaked lime (CaO) is used occasionally because it is less costly than slaked lime, but it is less effective for pH modification. For nonacidic- or non-alkali-consuming ores, calcium hydroxide concentrations of 0.15 to 0.25 g/L are typically required to achieve the desired pH range for leaching (i.e., pH 10 to 11). This represents typical lime consumptions of 0.15 to 0.5 kg/tonne for non-acidic ores. Sodium hydroxide is known to be more effective than calcium hydroxide at dissolving a variety of minerals, particularly at high alkalinities, and it is a highly effective dispersant. This may result in the dissolution of ore constituents, such as silicates, to produce various solution species, which can subsequently precipitate in a number of undesirable forms, potentially affecting downstream processes, including filtration, gold precipitation, or carbon adsorption. Consequently, calcium hydroxide is generally the preferred method of pH control in agitated leaching systems. Cyanide Cyanide may be added to agitated leaching systems either prior to the leaching circuit, that is, during grinding, or in the first stage of leaching. Subsequent reagent additions can be made into later stages of leaching to maintain or boost cyanide concentrations to maximize gold dissolution. In the absence of cyanide-consuming minerals in the ore or concentrate to be leached, cyanide concentrations used in practice range from 0.05 to 0.5 g/L NaCN, and typically between 0.15 to 0.30 g/L NaCN. Typical cyanide consumptions observed in agitated leaching systems for free-milling ores vary from about 0.25 to 0.75 kg/t. In cases where the feed material contains significant amounts of cyanide consumers and/or high silver content (i.e., >20 g/tonne), higher cyanide concentrations may be applied, that is, 2 to 10 g/L NaCN. In such cases, cyanide consumptions may vary from 1 to 2 kg/t, and in some cases much higher, depending on the nature and amount of cyanide-consuming minerals. Cyanide conc entrations are usually monitored by manual titration techniques or less commonly by on-line cyanide analyzers, based on titrimetric, colorimetric, potentiometric, and ion-specific electrode techniques. Oxygen Content Oxygen is typically introduced into leaching systems as air, either sparged into tanks as the primary method of agitation, or supplied purely for aeration. In either case, crude sparging systems are usually sufficient to provide satisfactory bubble dispersion and to ensure that adequate dissolved oxygen concentrations are maintained. Typically, the amount of dissolved oxygen concentrations can be maintained at, or even slightly above, calculated saturation levels with air sparging. The optimum sparging system depends on the geometry of the leach tanks. For example, conical-bottomed Pachuca tanks with single sparging points (common South African practice prior to about 1980) and flat-bottomed leach tanks with multiple sparging points, or simple down-the-agitator-shaft addition, have all been used. In a few cases, particularly when treating ores that contain oxygen-consuming minerals, pure oxygen [5] or hydrogen peroxide [4] have been added to increase dissolved oxygen concentrations a bove those attainable with simple air sparging systems. Residence time. Residence time requirements vary depending on the leaching characteristics of the material treated and must be determined by test work. Leaching times applied in practice vary from a few hours to several days. Leaching is usually performed in 4 to 10 stages, with the individual stage volume and number of stages dependent on the slurry flow rate, required residence time, and efficiency of mixing equipment used. Counter-current leaching. Leaching efficiency can be enhanced by the application of Le Chateliers principle. In summary, the lower the concentration of gold in solution, the greater the driving force for gold dissolution to occur, although in a mass transport controlled reaction it is debatable what role this plays in gold leaching. An alternative explanation for this phenomenon is the reversible adsorption of gold cyanide onto the ore constituents. The gold adsorption is reversed when the solution is exchanged for a lower grade solution or when a material (such as activated carbon or suitable ion exchange resin) is introduced into the slurry, which actively competes for the Aurum cyanide species. This effect can be exploited in practice by performing intermediate solid-liquid separation steps during leaching to remove high-grade gold solutions, and rediluting the solids in the remaining slurry with lower-grade leach solution and/or with freshwater plus reagents. Successful applications of this principle have been used at the Pinson and Chimney Creek, Nevada (United States), and East Driefontein (South Africa) plants, and at other operations [6, 7]. At many operating gold plants, an increase in gold extraction is observed when a leach slurry can be transferred from one type of process equipment to another (i.e., between leach tanks, thickeners, filters, pumps, and pipelines).This can be explained by the different mixing mechanisms in the different equipment, coupled with other factors, such as changes in slurry percent solids, changes in solution composition, and the effects of pumping transfer (i.e., plug flow mixing).Likewise, the benefits of the carbon-in-leach (CIL) process compared with leaching and carbon-in-pulp (CIP) have been clearly demonstrated both experimentally and in practice, even without the presence of interfering constituents in the ore[8]. The CIL process results in improved conditions for gold dissolution[3].

Male Infertility A Summary Health And Social Care Essay

Approximately 15 of twosomes dont win in bring forthing a gestation despite regular attempts, over the class of a twelvemonth, of unprotected sexual activity.1 A male physiological status issue is known in some 50 per centum of those instances and is entirely accountable in 20 per centum of all couples.2 Male sterility physiological conditions are attributed to a figure of causes together with minor factors including sex gland toxin secernment disfunction, bodily upsets, varicoceles, male generative secretory organ failure, ejaculatory upsets, and physiological conditions.3 It is critical to descry the cause ( s ) and supply intervention ( s ) if the implicit in issue is correctable. If a selected intervention is non available ; the beginning of the male issue physiological status is n't correctable, alternate picks like assisted reproduction techniques ( ART ) could exist.4 The pharmaceutical chemist plays a important function in separating medicines that contribute to male physiolo gical status, reding the twosome on curative medicines or compounds efficacious to handle physiological status, and advancing healthy life styles that minimize physiological status factors. The purpose of this paper is to bring forth a wide sum-up of the etiology, appraisal, and intervention of male physiological status.Definitions and EpidemiologyThe definition of sterility is considered by and large as the inability to recognize construct despite one twelvemonth of normal, unprotected intercourse.5 Within the USA, approximately eight million twosomes are distressed by this physiological status. For healthy immature twosomes, the likeliness of accomplishing gestation at intervals of one twelvemonth of fertility-focused activity is 84 per centum. Despite progresss within the designation and intervention of this physiological status, the successful gestation per centum remains constant.6 The latest rush in petitions for physiological status defect services has been attributed to a bi gger consciousness of intervention picks ; an improved rate of openness and credence of the physiological status, and a tendency toward delayed sexual activity and older aged parents both of which are ensuing in extra birthrate jobs.Male Regenerative PhysiologyThe testiss are comprised of Leydig, Sertoli, and specific root cells, that are apt for the syntheses of androgenic endocrines. The Sertoli cells line the seminal tubules within the testicles along side function of the Sertoli cells is to bring forth sex cell support, novice and sustain gametogenesis, and supply ordinance for the assembly of androgenic endocrine necessary for gametogenesis.7,8 The hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal ( HPG ) axis is the primary generative system that regulates endocrinal and sexual perform. The nervous construction is that in the integrative centre for the productive secernment axis, where it secretes gonadotropin-releasing secernment ( GnRH ) , that releases LH ( LH ) and gonadotrophin ( FSH ) from the ductless secretory organ. When the pituitary, ICSH interacts with receptors on the Leydig ‘s cell membrane within the testicles to synthesise and release androgenic follicle- exciting endocrine binds to the Sertoli cellular tissue receptors to get down and continue gametogenesis. Synthesis and gonadotrophins are regulated by system signals from the cardinal systema nervosum.7,8 Human reproduction needs fertilisation consisting the debut of sperm-containing fluids introduced through the female ‘s vagina. Throughout this event, erectile organ hard-on and interjection are parasympathetic activities and the systema nervosum controls erectile public presentation and semen. The sperm tubules, are a tubular web wound inside the testicles and carry organic structure unstable incorporating mature sperm cell to the urethra via the ejaculatory canals and into the vagina. Periurethral musculus contractions expel the organic structure fluid out of the channel and into the productive tract.7,8EtiologyAzoospermia is outlined because the absence of sperm cell within status within the azoospermic male is sub classified as pre-testicular, testicular, or post-testicular. Pre-testicular: common etiology than alternate causes of male physiological status, hypogonadotropic incompetency ( HH ) is caused by meager follicle-stimulating endocrine and ICSH secretions.2 These inadequacies end in deficient steroid secernment and gametogenesis. HH will originate non-inheritable GnRH lack, Fe overload, familial upsets, pituitary and nervous construction tumours, secernment to boot, general upsets like chronic illnesss, biological procedure lacks, and fleshiness are known as causes of HH.9 Lack: male generative secretory organ lack, typically stated as non-obstructive azoospermia, is apart from obstructor or HPG disfunction. This category of disfunction are frequently extra divided into male generative secretory organ failure. Non-inheritable failure will attest as abnormalcy, male generative secretory organ asepsis, abnormalcies. Non-heritable male generative secretory organ failure are frequently the consequences of injury, male generative secretory organ tortuosity, factors ( e.g. , medicines, general diseases, varicoceles ) , or surgeries that injury the bodily construction of the testes.3 Sing analysis of the overall male population about 40 per centum of work forces showing with male physiological status have varicoceles.10 Post-testicular Lack: typically stated as auto-preventative azoospermia, post-testicular lack is as a consequence of either ejaculatory obstructor of gamete bringing. This type of male physiological status is a is much less common than non-obstructive azoospermia, happens in about 40 per centum of work forces showing with azoospermia.2 The obstructor will go up from either the vessel deferens, epididymis or blurt out canals and may be familial or acquired.3 Idiopathic Sterility: In 30 to forty per centum of all work forces in the US, the underlying male sterility physiological conditions at issue are frequently unknown.3 These work forces normally have n't any old history of inauspicious result of physical scrutiny or traditional endocrinal research lab analysis. Ejaculate analysis reveals a attenuated assortment of sperm cell, motility, and tonss of unnatural sorts of gamete. These findings normally occur along and are termed oligo-astheno-teratozoospermia syndrome. disquieted male physiological status are frequently attributed to endocrine break as a consequence of environmental pollution, free O groups, or familial abnormalities.3 Medicines and Everyday Factors: Numerous substances are concerned as set uping the cause and impact of medical specialties is troublesome as a consequence of extra unknown factors and minimum sample sizes. Medicine could hold an consequence on male physiological status via uninterrupted sex gland onset toxicity effects, fluctuation of the HPG alliance, loss of interjection, public presentation or both, and alterations in sensed or existent sex drive.11 Recreational and illicit medicine, individually of together with intoxicant, baccy, marihuana, cocaine, and pep pills are on a regular basis cited as causes of both powerlessness and sterility. There are a assortment of medical specialties known as causes of this male physiological status together with psychotherapeutics pharmacologicals such as anti-hypertensives, endocrines, psychotropics, antidepressants, and antibiotics.11,12 Androgenic endocrine replacing is a good knowna common medical etiology of male generative wellness and has a known inauspicious impact on gametogenesis. Man-made vaginal oils or other sexual lubricators are known to suppress gamete motility and lead to either impermanent or lasting sterility. Natural-based lubricators, oil, and vegetable oil deficiency these effects on gamete and should be advocated as alternatives.13 A pharmaceutical chemist will advise the medicine sum-up of patients showing with male sterility male sterility physiological conditions to descry possible drug medical attention causes and graduated table back the necessity for them for farther or extra analysis.EvaluationThe American Urological Association ( AUA ) recommends both spouses of an ab initio sterile twosome receive showing if gestation has non occurred at intervals one twelvemonth of normal, unprotected intercourse. Earlier analysis is lower cost if a known physiological status issue exists or a male has intuitions about his birthrate probabilities.2 A old history of birthrate does non t exclude the likelines s of secondary physiological status. Work force with secondary physiological status are assessed in the same mode as work forces whom have n't initiated gestation. The feminine spouse ought to to boot bear analysis throughout as adult female ‘s generative anatomy is both more complex and capable to greater monthly cyclic fluctuations so males. The basic parts for the analysis of male physiological status embody an in deepness reappraisal of patient history, physical scrutiny, a lower limit of two seeds analyses, and secernment ratings his HPG axis. The patient ‘s past record of issues ( or environmental exposure as a beginning vector ) could find hazard factors and/or behavior forms that have an consequence on birthrate potency. Throughout the physical probe, elaborate attending is given to male secondary gender features. The prostate, scrotal constructions, and testicular constellations are appraised for markers of current or past infections, obstructors, or expansion. The usage of transrectal or external ultrasound, post-ejaculatory chemical analysis, and familial testing, that are obtained on as indicated. Semen analysis is ever warranted as the basic research lab appraisal for the analysis of faulty male physiological conditions.14 It ( laboratory analyses ) are by and large unequivocal sing seeds quality and volume, gamete concentration, motility, and morphology – with low borders of mistake. These consequences are besides compared with mention scopes and used to determine work forces with unnatural seeds parametric quantities whom could have the benefits of ART like in-vitro fertilisation ( IVF ) or intrauterine insemination ( IUI ) . Both of these options may include intracytoplasmic gamete injection ( ICSI ) . Work force with tunremarkable seeds analyses rarely are the beginning of infertility.1TreatmentSome sterile work forces can accomplish medically or surgically successful construct that is come-at-able with early intercession techniques. Treatment relies on the underlying etiology ab initio, so there needs a well-identified beginning ( s ) of the basic sterility issue for right intervention. If a treatable or correctable physiological status issue is known, it ought to be corrected with these acceptable medical or surgical therapies. Work force with incorrigible, untreatable, or unknown etiologies could hold success in ART. ART processs have been employed in the U.S. since the early 1980 ‘s and have radically enhanced birthrate rates. IVF / ICSI is an enhanced signifier of ART desinged to get the better of the most terrible sterile physiological status or azoospermia by shooting one gamete into the living substance of a mature egg. IVF-ICSI could be a intervention possibility for males with azoospermia, giving birth rates matching to those achieved with IVF while non those that are combined with ICSI.15 Azoospermic male generative secretory organ gamete extraction is used to surgically recover gamete which will be useable for IVF-ICSI ; the twosome should be carefully advised on the success rates of gamete harvest home, but it is likewise successful as IVF-ICSI. The hazards related to IVF-ICSI embody sex secretory organ hyper-stimulation syndrome, enlacing or more, perinatal complications, and familial disorders.16 Some twosomes opportunity ART ( an exceptionally expensive process ) while sing pre-analysis by an infertilitycondition specializer ; this is frequently unsafe because some six per centum of work forces evaluated have a important implicit in medical condition.5,17 Pretesticular Lack: Hyperprolactinemia is a serious upset refering the HPA ( hypothalamic-pituitary axis ) and is often mentioned as a sensible cause for HH. Fertility is besides improved by normalising lactogenic endocrine concentrations. Many medicines including Dopastat adversaries, SSRI ‘s ( selective 5-hydroxytryptamine re-uptake inhibitors ) , tricyclic anti-depressants, and elevated estrogen interventions may do hyper-prolactinemia and should be ended if possible in this circumstance.18 Dopamine agonists such as cabergoline or bromocriptine are the optimum interventions selected for most patients with hyperprolactinemia.18 Gonadotropins can be used in the intervention of HH with root causes of hypothalamic or pituitary syndromes non connected with hyper-prolactinemia. Human chorionic gonadotrophin ( human chorionic gonadotropin ) has organic actions similar to LH but has a increased half life. Chiefly initiated by itself at 1,500 to 2,000 IU – three times a hebdomad via intramuscular or hypodermic in the thigh or natess for 18 to 24 hebdomads. Then it is titrated at two-week meantimes to derive serum T factor concentrations between 310 and 520 ng/dL. Seminal fluid semen is appraised for spermatogenesis every two to four hebdomads. If sperm concentrations remain deficient after six to twelve months of therapy, the therapy should be supplemented with a FSH readying. Men sing human chorionic gonadotropin must be advised on the possible side effects such as gynecomastia ( hypertrophied chests ) , migraine concerns, and mastalgia ( breast hurting ) .19 FSH is compounded as or recombinant human FSH ( r-hFSH ) or human menopausal gonadotrophin ( hMG ) . Formulations of hMG contain refined, concentrated extracted parts of LH and FSH, while r-hFSH is comprised of merely FSH. hMG is the best pick overall because of comparable efficaciousness and markedly reduced monetary values when matched with r-hFSH. The first dose of hMG is 80 IU delivered at two twenty-four hours intervals and titrated to 160 IU. Though hMG is normally good accepted, concern, mastalgia, and injection site responses are normally described.20 GnRH therapy is an off-label usage for the intervention of HH caused by hypothalamic complaints. When nominal testosterone degrees are realized, the dosage is stabilized ; and testicular capacity and seminal fluid analyses are made every month. Problems such as haematoma, phlebitis and infection occur in about seven per centum of patients.21 Males utilizing GnRH therapy must be instructed by their physician to reexamine the needle interpolation site day-to-day and unwrap to the primary physician any tenderness, swelling or unstable leaking. Testicular Lack: Hypergonadotropic hypogonadism is a consequence of dysfunctional testesIt is defined by elevated gonadotrophins, lowered testosterone, oligospermia, or azoospermia. It is normally referred to as primary testicular failure. males with this status rarely win in paternity via intercourse due to seminiferous tubule impairment.22 Gonadotropin therapy ineffective under this circumstance, so IVF-ICSI is typically required for a positive result of fertilisation. The intervention of varicoceles remains extremely controversial. There is no consensus about the value of intercessions. One gold criterion clinical test suggested that a varicocelectomy in work forces with touchable varicoceles improved seeds factors and increased the opportunities of a self-generated gestation within one twelvemonth compared with surveillance.23 The AUA recommends varicoceles fix be made available as a possible redress to any twosome seeking to accomplish gestation if: the varicoceles is touchable, the twosome has a documented history of unproductiveness ; the female is fecund ; and the adult male has at least one untypical seminal fluid or sperm factors. IVF whether used with ICSI or non, can be considered when there is the basic ground to see handling a female sterility cause, notwithstanding the manifestation of varicoceles and suboptimal seeds values.10 Post-testicular Lack: Treatment picks for sterility due to clogging azoospermia take history of both IVF-ICSI and microsurgical techniques such as vasectomy reversals.24 Ejaculatory disfunction, specifically the inability to chuck out any seminal fluid, is treatable with alpha-adrenergic agonists that aid ejaculation.25 This attack can transform males with unsuccessful emanation to backward interjection and so seminal fluid is retrieved for reproduction intents. Idiopathic Sterility: The medical community is divided on the proper direction of idiopathic sterility. Any figure of medical therapies remain endeavores to better gestation rates irrespective of cogent evidence of efficaciousness. An AUA scrutiny of birthrate specializers cite clomiphene citrate ; human chorionic gonadotropin ; and anastrazole as typically prescribed medicines for idiopathic male infertility.26 Drumhead Infertility affects the U.S. , with several necessitating medical intercession to recognize gestation. It ‘s indispensable that each spouse be wholly evaluated for beginnings of the issue ( s ) in order to measure and enhance interventions ; and to minimise morbidity due to come-at-able implicit in medical conditions. The pharmaceutical chemists function in wellness attention, along with the primary sterility specializer, affords the opportunity to descry medicines with potentially inauspicious effects on birthrate ; suggest different medicine, and advocate patients on the right usage of medical specialties. Recent progresss in the etiology of sterility and the function of combinative therapies in ART have improved results for sterile twosomes. However extra analysis is required to determine the full scope of unknown causes of male physiological status and to develop simpler, more effectual and less dearly-won interventions.

National Identity

I agree that education has succeeded in fostering a positive sense of national identity. To both the citizens of Singapore and international bodies, a strong national Identity of Singapore would be the multiracial society we have and still being able to live harmoniously with one another. From the sass, various schemes were Introduced in bid to bring together students from the different language streams.One such scheme was the integrated schools, whereby schools from deference language streams were brought together on one compound and ran by one administration. The first Integrated government school was Buick Panging Government High School, which managed to bring together the English and Chinese streams under one roof. Also, measures were taken to place the different language streams on equal footing, for example, by Introducing common examinations.Before the scheme was Introduced, there was no universal education for children of all races and background, resulting In lesser children attending schools then. However, with the scheme introduced, children of all races and backgrounds can grow and learn together in harmony, without any form of biasness. The national pledge recited in school daily by both teachers and students is also another way of fostering the same national identity.It is stated in the pledge that ‘we, the citizens of Singapore, pledge ourselves as one united people, regardless of race, language or religion'. This is said at the beginning of the pledge, emphasizing its importance. The pledge would have been explained by teachers when students first entered primary school and with the constant recitation of the pledge, it is inevitable for the pledge to be deeply engraved in our minds, and the pledge, in our hearts, reciting it every morning, inanely pledging to abide by it.In Singapore, moral and national education is taught to students throughout the whole of their primary school and secondary school lives. According to the revised Moral a nd National Education Curriculum Guide published in June 2012, one of the aims stated for the subject is to develop a recognition of identity. On 13 October 2010, Chief Executive Donald Tsars stated in the â€Å"Policy Address 2010-2011 † that moral and national education would replace the current moral and civic education in order to ‘strengthen national education'.This shows how national identity is a big part of education and that the government Is constantly trying to further improve the lessons, In order to Include more national education related topics, to Inculcate a positive national identity In the students from a young age. National Identity By Toxin identity of Singapore would be the multiracial society we have and still being able to introduced in bid to bring together students from the different language streams. One such scheme was the integrated schools, whereby schools from difference administration.The first integrated government school was Buick Pangin g streams on equal footing, for example, by introducing common examinations. Before the scheme was introduced, there was no universal education for children of all races and background, resulting in lesser children attending schools then. However, shows how national identity is a big part of education and that the government is constantly trying to further improve the lessons, in order to include more national education related topics, to inculcate a positive national identity in the students from National Identity National identity affects the culture of India National identity refers to the individual’s sense of belonging to it. National identity may refer two people with different in personalities, geographical locations, belief systems, time and even spoken language, yet regard themselves and be seen by others as members f the same nation. The national identity is created and constructed it may not necessarily be false, as there is a constant agreement on the existence, if not on the definition of the nation as an entity. National identity is desired to see us in the nation, but nationhood also arises out of a wish to make sense of our world, to have our place in it legitimized. National identity is a fundamental means of self-definition. In other words national identity is often taken to mean a shared structure of feeling, largely imagined consciousness that is reinforced both through life’s daily routines as well as through ritualized, symbol-laden, celebrations of nationhood. Nevertheless, the negotiation of a national identity is a continuous and entirely voluntary process, which demands inclusively and the fair representation of peoples and cultures. National identity is about on a foundation of fact and fiction that together form an account or story of origins, myth, tradition, and invented tradition are systematically employed towards the making of a common ancestry. The basis for shared belongings and a distinctive identity vis-avis the identity of other nation–states. Therefore national identity is the sense of belonging nurtured by a commonly shared history, cultural continuity and belief in a national destiny (Cameron, 1999). National identity and Indian culture National identity in India was seen as individualizing each individual in terms of the globalization, religious nationalism and insecurity. India, with its multitudinous cultures, is fast shedding the mantle of its old identities and poised to wear new ones when Mahatma Gandhi said, â€Å" India lives in its village â€Å" he meant national identity. India has the largest population villages and towns in the world. Whereby, 70% of its citizens live in villages. This shows that Indians dominates in village and agriculture contribution to its annual GPD, since that no much as been changed since Gandhi’s time. In social, Indians regions have remained either romantic or colonial, both of which are nonexistent. A national identity may be a transient thing. But, what remains when nothing else will is an Indian sensibility. This is woven in each and every nuance of life that an Indian sees around himself. From sharing the connotations of the color red to the understanding of the mechanics of living within a society, the fact is that this knowledge exists within the framework of Indians values. This understanding that is uniquely called an Indian â€Å"sensitivity†, is what defines India. The sensitivity of Indian people is what means neighbors extend help and support to each other when they can live peaceful and unobtrusive lives. The social impact that the nation identity has brought into the regions is that Indians have been reared to live within a community in an interactive co-existing manner (Ganti, 2004). The culture change of Indians has been brought up by foreign adverts that used through medias, cinemas, but Indian audience does not cultivate the international taste, this is because majority prefer cinemas that they can relate to the change of culture of Indian which was due to the westernized nationalism where some of the Indians admired the character of Hitler, where it was known that Hitler attempt to reconcile change and continuing by taking of roots and traditions in a situation of industrialization and urbanization. This was for the Hindutva practice, whereby issues regarding national anthems, dress and foreign foods are given prominence, while profound social changes continue to affect every day life as before. The national identity formation in Indian culture was seen as expiring the Indian culture where it was affected by the globalization. The cultural heads in India like shanty Kumar’s Gandhi examined how cultural imagination of nation identity have been transformed by the rapid growth of satellite and cable television in postcolonial India. This group evaluated the growing influence of foreign and domestic satellite and cable channels are the major contributors that are going to affect the culture of Indian people. Kumar argues that India hybrid national identity is manifested in the discourses found in this variety of empirical sources (Menon, 2007).   He formed a group of representative in the nation and regional level that can promote the Indian languages in term of vernacular where media groups allocate some programs that encourage the use of national identity. In India minority has been used to describe people like the Dalits who are numerically significant but who, for politico-ideological reasons have been denied their right to full citizenship. Indians authority arrived at a point of allowing the mosaic of peoples and nations within a nation-state to enjoy pull rights to culture and communication. There are two aspects, which are centralized to the making and maintenance of national identity. Firstly the right to culture-the inalienable right to every nation irrespective of its status, to practice, express, promote its identity as a community provided that this does not infringe the rights of other nation to do the same. In other words an individual person rights needs to be located within a cultural of right is what sustains national identity. India is a tough case for any scholar trying to develop a general theory of nationalism, and with few exceptions, it does not figure in general introductory texts on the field. India is hardly a station cultural similarity or even equality in the western state: it is a country with deep embedded hierarchies and a very considerable degree of internal cultural variations (Juluri, 2004). References Cameron, K. (1999). National Identity. Intellect Books. Juluri, V. (2004). Becoming a Global Audience Longing and Belonging in Indian. Onent Longman. Menon, M. M. (2007). Cultural History of Modern India. Bergnahn Books. Ganti, T. (2004). Bolly Wood: A Guidebook to popular Hinds cinema. Routledge. National Identity I agree that education has succeeded in fostering a positive sense of national identity. To both the citizens of Singapore and international bodies, a strong national Identity of Singapore would be the multiracial society we have and still being able to live harmoniously with one another. From the sass, various schemes were Introduced in bid to bring together students from the different language streams.One such scheme was the integrated schools, whereby schools from deference language streams were brought together on one compound and ran by one administration. The first Integrated government school was Buick Panging Government High School, which managed to bring together the English and Chinese streams under one roof. Also, measures were taken to place the different language streams on equal footing, for example, by Introducing common examinations.Before the scheme was Introduced, there was no universal education for children of all races and background, resulting In lesser children attending schools then. However, with the scheme introduced, children of all races and backgrounds can grow and learn together in harmony, without any form of biasness. The national pledge recited in school daily by both teachers and students is also another way of fostering the same national identity.It is stated in the pledge that ‘we, the citizens of Singapore, pledge ourselves as one united people, regardless of race, language or religion'. This is said at the beginning of the pledge, emphasizing its importance. The pledge would have been explained by teachers when students first entered primary school and with the constant recitation of the pledge, it is inevitable for the pledge to be deeply engraved in our minds, and the pledge, in our hearts, reciting it every morning, inanely pledging to abide by it.In Singapore, moral and national education is taught to students throughout the whole of their primary school and secondary school lives. According to the revised Moral a nd National Education Curriculum Guide published in June 2012, one of the aims stated for the subject is to develop a recognition of identity. On 13 October 2010, Chief Executive Donald Tsars stated in the â€Å"Policy Address 2010-2011 † that moral and national education would replace the current moral and civic education in order to ‘strengthen national education'.This shows how national identity is a big part of education and that the government Is constantly trying to further improve the lessons, In order to Include more national education related topics, to Inculcate a positive national identity In the students from a young age. National Identity By Toxin identity of Singapore would be the multiracial society we have and still being able to introduced in bid to bring together students from the different language streams. One such scheme was the integrated schools, whereby schools from difference administration.The first integrated government school was Buick Pangin g streams on equal footing, for example, by introducing common examinations. Before the scheme was introduced, there was no universal education for children of all races and background, resulting in lesser children attending schools then. However, shows how national identity is a big part of education and that the government is constantly trying to further improve the lessons, in order to include more national education related topics, to inculcate a positive national identity in the students from National Identity India is a democratic country after it gained its   independence in 1947 from British who ruled India for nearly two centuries.     India is popularly known as a Hindu nation which has various Gods and Goddesses for praise and worship and celebrates quite a number of religious festivals every year which carries different cultures and traditions for practicing rituals.   India practices caste, creed and religion system   and multi-regional language system where each State which are totally 29 in number, carry a unique and distinct language which is spoken only by local resident people of that State and there are only 5 percent people in India who speak English. India is the second most popular country in the world which has a population of 1.1 billion people as per the records of 2007. India’s economy is 12th largest in the world   and its government is headed by Prime Minister and cabinet ministers who form economic policies of the government. There are democratic parties in India under various leaderships which campaign for votes every five years for winning the term elections. Official view For whichever party gets majority of votes in an election comes into the leadership to form National Government for a term of five years.   India has a Constitutional Law and Judicial Law apart from Administrative Laws and Economic Laws and Policies. India’s national identity is its national flag   in tri- colours viz., saffron indicates   courage, sacrifice, the white indicates   purity and truth, green indicates   faith and fertility and in the midst of the flag there is a wheel in navy blue color which is termed as Dharma Chakra indicating the wheel of law which has 24 spikes in it. The national flag of India is a symbol of freedom for all people in India. The flag is hoisted each year by the Prime Minister of India on 15th August as a mark of national Independence Day. India has many ancient forts and palaces that are built by dynasties of various kings   and it is a proud place to carry one of the wonders of the world The Taj Mahal in the city of Agra which is a marble monument built by a king called Shahjahan.   There is also Red fort in the city of Agra, Palace of a king in the city of Mysore,   The Charminar in Hyderabad, and there many tourist places. There are many industries, corporate houses and five star restaurants and resorts homes which are contributing to the GDP growth and development of nation which is around 7-8 percent per annum.   India is an agricultural based country and in many parts of the country the yielded crop is lost due to either heavy rains, floods which is why there is a short supply of essential grains, pulses   and vegetables and Government in order to meet the needs of consumers, imports wheat, sugar and oil from outside of India. There is still below poverty line in India even after 60 years of independence and country continues build its public infrastructure and telecommunication systems. The national identity changes in each country, traditions, and how to maintain the idea – and What has globalization done to it? India has many problems within its political and economic system due to which the economic growth is not on the rapid rise. Indian currency rupee faces lot of inflation giving price rise in essential commodities which affect the common public who are mostly middle class which is a vast percentage in India. Luxury class is very small percentage and it is the middle class and poor people whose life styles are affected due political and economical imbalances.  Ã‚   The stability in national government is always a doubting factor for people each time elections are made as the opposition parties raise a voice in Parliament questioning each and every mode of development which makes it very difficult for ruling government. India has a unique national identity of Hinduism as a religion and secondly country’s largest democracy with 1.1 billion population, there are problems in drinking water, supply of electricity,   unsafe roads and lack of education for many people who reside in rural areas. Globalisation has enabled India to be recognized as a blue-chip place for computer technology as there are many software and hardware engineers, commencement of new and existing blue chip companies in the field of software and hardware technology and this has encouraged foreign nations to supply computers and accessories apart from Internet broadband. Further sales in mobiles, digital cameras, advanced facility telephones, televisions, VCDs and other electronic goods have become the status symbol and almost everyone has an electronic gadget whether it is a mobile or a camera which is the latest trend in India. Bollywood movies and film   stars are a heartthrob for overseas Indians. How are the nations responding towards the idea of National Identity Many foreigners visit India to take note of what is so special about India and after a travel, tourists find   food in India is good and available at a low price, Indians demonstrate a friendly gesture to foreigners although mannerisms and etiquette are not at par with that of foreign standards, it holds good for a temporary visit to India.   Many Hollywood celebrities visited India viz., Angelina Jolie, Brad Pitt, Pierce Brosnan, Johny Depp, Nicole Kidman   and Will Smith apart from President Bush and Laura Bush who visited India in the year 2005 and India and U.S. have entered into a Nuclear Deal Agreement to supply nuclear fuel which is yet to be approved by Senate of U.S. India has an active stock market and Reserve Bank policies which give rise to sensex in stock exchanges. India has many industries in apparel, chemical, ready-to-eat food companies, FMCG, precious metals, five star, three star   hotels and many software based corporates while many still many being commenced apart from real estate sector   construction of small, medium and luxury homes. References Brian Stanley, Alaine M. Low, Missions, Nationalism, and the End of Empire Accessed May 2, 2008 http://books.google.co.in/books?id=2NCvZWNkQxkC&pg=PA111&lpg=PA111&dq=India+national+identity&source=web&ots=wZtvqnAX_1&sig=LaOEbfdG84LZuMgZBucB6juz50c&hl=en India and Globalisation Accessed May 2, 2008 http://www.bimaljalan.com/speech150102.html