Applying Criminology in Everyday Lives Essay

Criminology deals with the study of criminals and criminal behavior, however, criminologists try to build theories that answer why crimes occur and test those theories by observing behavior (Lynch, 2006). There have been many theories why people commit crimes but the most sought after of all areas of criminology is juvenile crime. Juvenile crime is constantly increasing in the society. In law, juvenile crime comprises various offenses committed by children or youths under the legal age of 18 and is also called juvenile delinquency (Samentz, 2006). One very good example is the situation described. Assuming I am a parent of a 16 year old boy and I find my son’s friend inside the house where the door has been ajar. The boy is caught in the act of looking through the kitchen drawer and says that he is looking for a paper and a pencil to leave a note for my son. However, on the counter next to him are a lock-pick and some jewelry belonging to me, the boy smelling of marijuana. After which he leaves the house. Such action is positively thieving even if the boy denies it. And the boy is probably using dangerous drugs. The event is definitely a type of juvenile crime. What would I do then? The first thing that comes to mind is to talk to my son and try to find out about his friend and most especially about him. I will ask him if he knows that his friend is using dangerous drugs and is even stealing from people. If he says he does not know about it, then I will narrate to him what I have seen and try to see his reaction about it. By looking at the way he reacts from his friend’s story, I will know if he really is telling the truth. I will realize if he does the same things his friend does since he is my son and knows him much. If he seems to know the truth then I will warn him to stay away from his friend lest he become influenced with delinquent habits. If he seems to be involved in his friend’s delinquent acts, then I will give him some kind of punishment and try to extinguish such habits by offering alternative hobbies such as sports and music. Bestowing punishment to my son is a way of deterring delinquency. Such concept of punishment can be of the concept of general deterrence, specific deterrence and situational crime prevention. The concept of general deterrence states that the choice to commit delinquent acts can be controlled by the threat of punishment (Wadsworth, 2005, p. 53). On the other hand, according to the concept of specific deterrence, if a young offender is punished severely the experience will convince him not to commit the crime (Wadsworth, 2005, p. 56). Situational crime prevention however is slightly related with punishment. In this concept, delinquency is made more difficult and less profitable by tight security such as using surveillance and street lighting (Wadsworth, 2005, p. 58). After talking to my son about the incident regarding his friend, a visit to the police station near the neighborhood will be appropriate to find out if the boy has any criminal records or any juvenile delinquency records. If so, I’ll try to find the parents of the boy to try to talk to them about the status of their son. I will narrate the incident to the parents while simultaneously observing if there are any clues as to why the boy has the tendency to be delinquent. It is found in studies that children of deviant parents are more likely to become delinquent (Wadsworth, 2005, p. 64). Thus, the social factor of the boy’s delinquency can be rooted on the way he was reared. If the parents of the child agree to do something about their child’s delinquency, then I can find a way to help them cope with the steps needed to correct the acts. I can even find a way to recommend a social worker specializing in such cases if the parents themselves don’t know what to do about it. If the parents however, are not convinced of their son’s behavior and that the boy has some criminal records at the police station, then I will go back to them, this time bringing a police officer with me. This is highly recommended if I see hints of deviance from the parents themselves such as parents having criminal records or parents who have been jobless for a long time and are not doing anything about it, much more if the other children of the parents are also delinquent youth. The police officer will explain the situation about their son and so, try to find solution regarding the case. After all these things, I will then suggest to the police to monitor the whereabouts of the boy so that he will not commit any delinquent acts anymore. Furthermore, I will continue to supervise on my own son’s whereabouts and actions to prevent him from delinquent tendencies. Another way of preventing delinquency of the youth in our community should also be developed and initiated. Such activities as sports tournaments and plays may be appropriate. There have been many theories that attempt to figure out the causes of juvenile delinquency usually focusing on the individual and the society (Samentz, 2006). By finding the root causes of juvenile delinquency, solutions are formulated to deter such actions. It is the responsibility of each citizen to participate in this endeavor. Such situation as discussed above is one way of helping in the prevention of juvenile delinquency.

Ambush Marketing- Is It Ethical

Ambush Marketing- Is It ethical? While a lot of discussion has been going on for quite some time on â€Å"Marketing ethics† including almost every aspect of marketing be it market research, market audience, pricing or marketing strategy. But none of these issues seem to be even close to the issues raised by the ethics of advertising and promotion and specifically â€Å"ambush marketing† in particular. Hence in this article we will take a quick look at the ever-increasing practice of ambush marketing, its origin, examples and its ethical concerns. Background: The term â€Å"ambush† in literal terms means â€Å"an attack from a hidden position†, this in fact, is the founding stone of the term â€Å"ambush marketing†. â€Å"Ambush Marketing† was coined in the 1980’s by Jerry Welsh, the renowned marketing strategist, while he was working as a manager for global marketing efforts for American Express. When he coined the term, he referred it as a creative and legitimate marketing strategy which could provide a level playing ground to the competitors of a thematic sponsor. Today, however, the term is associated with a negative connotation. According to Wikipedia â€Å"ambush marketing refers to a company's attempt to capitalize on the goodwill, reputation, and popularity of a particular event by creating an association with it, without the authorization or consent of the necessary parties. † It is an attempt of the ambusher to associate itself with an event without paying the fee and get some rub-off effects from it. When implemented effectively, it diminishes the value of the actual sponsors of the event by confusing the customers Fig:Typical example of ambush marketing Fig1. :Jet airlines putting a billboard â€Å"we’ve changed† Fig1. 2:Kingfisher took the responsibility of making them change Fig1. 3:Go Air cashed in on the success of the two billboards There is a thin line between Ambush marketing and effective marketing practice. All the marketing strategies adopted by a rival company in the midst of an event cannot be called as ambush marketing. An activity is termed as ambushing only if the m arketer is trying to endorse a specific product/event and by doing that the revenues of the main event are getting damaged. For example f spice jet shows its commercials in between a motor sports event, it will not be guilty of ambushing. But if Pepsi is launching a new ad campaign in between cricket world cup whose official sponsor is coke and it affects the sales of coke, it will be termed as an instance of ambushing. Fig:Pepsi ad during 1996 WC Strategies for ambush marketing can be broadly classified into two groups: Forging: In this form, a company misleads the people that the ambusher is one of the sponsors of the event by using a similar name or logo associated with the event while it is not. For example, in 2002 Sydney Olympics, Quantas airlines changed its slogan to â€Å"The spirit of Australia† which was very close to the games slogan â€Å"Share the Spirit†. This was a classic case of ambush marketing as the official airline partner of the event was Ansett Air but the slogan of Quantas airlines suggested otherwise. Fig:Quantas airlines Intrusion: Here the ambusher tries to give its own name or trade mark through the medium of publicity of the event without seeking the permission of the organiser. This strategy uses the attention created by the event to promote the ambusher’s product. This strategy is more popular with the ambushers now-a-days as forging can lead to legal actions and this is comparatively a risk-free strategy. A notable example of this strategy was in 2002 Boston Marathon, whose official sponsor was Adidas but Nike provided the runners with spray painted â€Å"swooshes† which suggested that the event was sponsored by Nike. Fig:2002 Boston Marathon In 2006 Bavaria Brewery gave away orange overalls called Leeuwenhosen to some of the fans to support the Netherlands football team with the brewery’s logo on them. The FIFA officials asked the fans to remove the orange overalls as Budweiser was the official sponsor. Fig: Supporters wearing Leeuwenhosen By this time you all must have guessed the issues with ambushing, but then too let us reiterate some of the important ones. The first and the biggest of them is that it reduces the effectiveness of the advertisements of the original sponsors of the event and decreases their revenues. It can also lead to withdrawal of some of the sponsors from the event such as IBM and Mars from the Olympic TOP programme. The sponsorships for these events are costly and by ambushing, these companies are deprived of their right to increase their visibility and thereby their customer base. Remedies for Ambushing: Ambushing has been gaining popularity ever since it came into existence which is causing a lot of concerns for the official sponsors of the event. Hence for better protection of the interests of the company certain strategies have evolved which could help the victim company to counter ambushing. The major ones are Learn How to Ambush: This measure is based on the premise that if the knows how to ambush then it will also know the vulnerable points on which it could be ambushed and then it can try to plug those gaps through stringent contracts. Leveraging: These are supplementary measures such as ads aimed at increasing public awareness about the official sponsors of the event. Limit a non-sponsors capacity to advertise: By limiting the non-sponsors ability to advertise in the proximity of the event reduces the probability of ambushing through physical stalls, outlets etc. This strategy is also known as â€Å"clean stadium† policy. Establish more control over advertising: This is one of the most important and one of the most difficult measures to exercise. Since reach of media to the viewers of an event is much more than the people actually coming and watching those events, it is very important for firms to try and limit the advertisements by non-sponsors. Educate Consumers: One of the most safest and effective measure is making the customers known about the official sponsors so that the ambushers cannot mislead the public. Legal Restrictions: Stringent legal measures can act as deterrents to the practice of unethical ambushing. Is it ethical? Ambush marketing has changed its shape and form from 1980’s till today. But what is constant is the debate on whether it is ethical or not. The answer is very subjective. If you are asking this question to the sponsor of the event he might say that it is synonymous with crime and to an ambusher it might seem to be an intelligent marketing strategy. The viewpoints become completely reversed if the ambusher is made the sponsor and vice-versa. My opinion about ambushing is same as the ambushers. Marketing as a field of study has always been associated with creativity and ambushing gives them a perfect platform for the same. In today’s world, where there is cut throat competition between corporates due to increasing competition and reducing margins, companies have to come up with such kind of measures to counter other. During the times of recession, when all the major economies of the world go to a standstill, it serves as a cost effective method of advertising. For me it is not breaking the law or doing illegal, it is an intelligent use of the loopholes in the marketing practices of the other firm. If my rival is not aware of its shortcomings, I should use it to my advantage. Also, competition is not a game with set rules; if I am refraining from using ambush marketing today does not mean that my rival facing the same condition would not use ambush against me. In my viewpoint, it is one of the best methods of marketing involving minimum capital and maximum gains. What you think of ambushing is up to you to decide.

Is Addiction a Brain Disease? Essay

Addiction, it is all around us, affecting people from all walks of life, it is not limited to certain social classes or lifestyles. It is found in every ethnic group, regardless of gender or age. It affects our neighbors, our friends, and our family either directly or indirectly. Although substances such as alcohol and illegal drugs are two of the most common addictions we hear about, there is a wide range of substances and even activities such as gambling and shopping. There is some debate whether addiction is a brain disease or a choice. This controversy has been going on for years and a decision whether or not addiction is a brain disease has yet to be reached. According to a publication Is Addiction a Brain Disease? (1998) , by two psychiatrists, Sally Satel, M.D., and Frederick K. Goodwin, M.D., both argue â€Å"the virtues of thinking about addiction as a primary, though modifiable, behavioral phenomenon, rather than simply as a brain disease†. That is, addiction is a function of a person, rather than simply a physical state† (Satel, Goodwin, 1998, p. 3). According to a publication by the National Institution of Drug Abuse (NIDA, 2007), â€Å"addiction is a chronic, relapsing disease characterized by compulsive drug seeking and use despite harmful consequences as well as neurochemical and molecular changes in the brain† (NIDA, 2007). For the purpose of this paper the focus will be on the substance of drugs of abuse when discussing ‘addiction’, but before getting into the two controversial sides another definition we can look at outside of these two opinions is taken from textbook, Psychology 10th Ed, by David G. Myers: â€Å"Addiction is a compulsive drug craving and use, despite adverse consequences† (Myers, 113). PRO: Drug Addiction is a Brain Disease. The National Institute of Drug Abuse (NIDA) explains that addiction is a brain disease. The initial decision to take drugs is a person’s voluntary choice. However, once a person takes that drug of abuse it can effect â€Å"the pleasurable area of the brain† (NIDA, 2007), in which, addiction takes over the person’s capability of self control, which can result in harmful actions. Thus, when a person uses drugs over a long period of time the brain structure and the way it operates changes resulting in harmful effects and actions. Addiction is tied to changes in brain structure and function, basically making it a brain disease. Furthermore, all drugs of abuse have common affects one way or another within the brain, which activates â€Å"the pleasurable area of the brain† (NIDA, 2007). Drugs of abuse reward our normal actions, therefore, if the brain gets a lot of stimulation it produces pleasant feelings, which drives a person to continually use drugs over and over. NIDA also points out that from science research â€Å"brain-imaging studies from drug-addicted individuals have shown physical changes in areas of the brain that are critical for judgment, decision making, learning and memory, and behavior control† (NIDA, 2007) which indicates that once those areas of the brain are disturbed so is a person’s capability of freely choosing not to take drugs, leading to negative actions. Additionally, science research shows that these changes alter the way the brain functions, which may explain the uncontrollable and negative actions of a person. Furthermore, according to NIDA addiction can be treated and managed successfully since it is a chronic disease and research has shown that combining behavioral therapy with medications is the best way to ensure success for most patients with this chronic disease indicating that it is a treatable and manageable similar to other brain diseases. CON: Addiction is not a Brain Disease. According to a publication retrieved from Ethics and Public Policy Center (EPPC) â€Å"Is Addiction a Brain Disease?† two psychiatrists, Sally Satel, M.D., and Frederick K. Goodwin, M.D., they do not agree with NIDA’s claim that â€Å"addiction† means compulsive drug-taking driven by drug-induced brain changes. They believe â€Å"addiction is a function of a person rather than simply a physical state and a person is in voluntary control of their decision and actions† (Satel, Goodwin 3). If a person can make the choice to take drugs then they can also make the choice to stop taking drugs, especially during those times in between when they are not taking drugs. For a person to voluntarily continue taking drugs of their own accord then they should be held accountable for their addictive behavior and not use brain disease as an excuse. Further, circumstances such as economical, health, or personal issues resulting in a person’s choice to take drugs ironically can be the same reasons for them to either change their pattern, stop taking drugs, or get help versus the unavoidable, involuntary effect of a diseased brain. Additionally, those that choose to continue being addicted over a long period of time illustrates that by making that choice they are not helpless compared to a person who has a chronic disease. â€Å"Rather than being the inevitable, involuntary product of a diseased brain, these actions represent the essence of voluntariness. The addict’s behavior can be modified by knowledge of the consequences. Involuntary behavior cannot (Satel, Goodwin, 1998, pg. 5). As a result of that knowledge the addicted person is in control and can take be in charge of their actions to change the cycle and make a deliberate effort to change. My Position: My position is optimistic on the subject Is Addiction a Brain Disease? Addiction is a primary, progressive, and chronic disease of the brain, which creates physical, emotional, and spiritual impairments. I have seen this disease affect people close to me and can only have hope that someday there will be a treatment. First hand, I have seen three families, with different backgrounds, affected by addiction. Two lost a loved one to the overdose of drugs and the other is struggling along with their loved one, who is addicted, to defeat it. One mother wanted to know how this could have happened to her son, how he could lose control of his life and eventually lost the battle of addiction. I do not believe that a person voluntarily WANTS to be addicted, or that they even realize what addiction truly is prior to becoming addicted. However, I do agree with both sides that a person does voluntarily make the choice to take a drug of abuse. But have given more thought into it about why a person can’t just stop taking the drug when they know it is harmful and changes their behavior. My conclusion is that addiction is caused by drugs that are induced with one or more certain types of chemicals that travel through the brain and have an effect on the area of the brain where we feel pleasure and joyful feelings. Also, some people are more susceptible than others to becoming addicted to drugs of abuse than others because their brain reacts differently to the chemical(s) in a drug. Furthermore, addiction has signs and symptoms and a predictable progression and it is apparent that the characteristics of the disease and the approaches to treatment is not any different from other chronic brain diseases. Addiction is a brain disease since its causes are complex but its results are clear. I’m in agreement with NIDA that an 6 addicting substance changes the way the brain works over a long period of time, which leads to the activities of what we recognize as addiction and like most other brain diseases, addiction can be treated. Although treatment can be long and diff icult and there are often relapses, it can be successful if people acknowledge it as such and treat it accordingly. Multicultural Application Addiction affects, if not to all, most countries and cultures. According to the annual report of the UN International Narcotics Control Board (INCB), the estimated number of drug abusers worldwide in 2009 was between 172 million and 250 million people. Varying by different narcotics, the 2007 report national rates range from 0.8% to 11% overall with the highest rates in Italy, Spain, and the United Kingdom and the lowest rates recorded in Romania, Malta, followed by Bulgaria, Greece and Sweden (INCB, 2007, pg. 98). Although we come from different cultures, most of the world shares common diseases and since most countries are affected by addiction the sharing of awareness, knowledge, and research information between cultures could have a huge positive impact on the world. Critical Literacy NIDA’s position of â€Å"Yes, Addiction is a brain disease† is based on their commitment of continued studies and research into drugs of abuse, addiction, backing up their argument that addiction is within the brain not the individual. Satel and Goodwood’s position of â€Å"No, Addiction is not a Brain Disease† is based on their conclusion, according to their research into other’s researches and their knowledge in the positions they hold as psychiatrists that addiction is an individual’s choice not a disease within the brain. Both are able to support their claims by information provided through research. Civic Literacy Besides the known fact that millions of people around the world are directly or indirectly affected by addiction, it has a huge impact on our society. Not only with the economical costs involved for medical and healthcare, there is the cost of crime as a result of consequences from addiction, loss of productivity in the workforce, and many deaths that result from complications of addiction and overdose. By being aware and informed of addiction, citizens can be supportive and helpful to those battling addiction and help prevent others from getting the disease. They can also help by being understanding and supportive to those who are addicted and encourage them get the treatment they need to battle it. Another way to lend a hand is citizens can get involved within their community and promote physical and social activities for all age groups. Citizens can make a difference just by starting somewhere instead of doing nothing and thinking â€Å"oh that’s their problem† or â€Å"it will never affect me† or worse â€Å"it is their fault they are addicted†. It is happening, it can happen to anyone directly or indirectly, and it isn’t anyone’s fault. We need stricter laws on drug making and trafficking to help our society, otherwise we will become an addictive society. Our leaders can invest in continued and advanced scientific research for prevention and treatment. Values Literacy Clearly with as much research as there has been on this topic there is a huge interest and concern of what is happening in our society. By upholding moral values we can consider others opinions with an open mind on topics such as this knowing that while we carry our own values, we must encourage those values as a society to help combat addiction and by being open to the opinions of others we can all come together to battle this disease. With NIDA’s investment into research and treatment it shows they have a special interest and concern on the value of life and  our society. It appears the opposing side would rather dispute the issue and disregard it as a disease, but rather the behavior of a person. Scientific Literacy NIDA is known as being one of the largest supporter’s of the world’s research on drug abuse and addiction. Government funds are used for scientific research by tracking emerging drug use trends, understanding how drugs work in the brain and body, developing and testing new drug treatment and prevention approaches, and disseminating findings to the general public and special populations (NIDA, 2007). They claim that the Science of Addiction has evidence backing up their argument that addiction is a disease of the brain. Psychiatrists Satel and Goodwin, claim that based off biological studies and scientific findings there are not sufficient facts to back up NIDA’s claim that addiction is a brain disease, supporting their argument that addiction is not a brain disease. Conclusion After completing my research, it was not a surprise to find there are differences of opinion on this topic and understandably so. This research and my experience of having observed the affects of addiction first hand have not only driven my passion to understand addiction and the brain, but strengthen my position that addiction is a brain disease. By keeping an open mind allows me to learn and recognize the views of others. Addiction is a common disease we all share directly or indirectly, it is an International problem. The more people know and understand addiction the chances they will be open to looking at it differently. Knowledge and understanding are two biggest parts of moving forward in taking this disease more seriously. It does no good to blame the abuser My hope is that people will look at addiction and take it more seriously if it is considered a brain disease and put more time and money into further research to find out what is actually causing the addiction in the brain and why some people are more susceptible than others. One may lean more toward the idea of addicts choosing to be addicts and that they have complete control over their actions; however, if the addict chooses a path to moderation, they face medical complications associated with withdrawal. The physical effects of withdrawal can become severe enough to cause death and require medical treatment, thus suggesting addiction is a form of disease. No matter what side you choose on this debate, you should expect to run across supportive evidence of the alternate side while arguing your point. It is a choice to try a substance, but it is not a choice to become addicted. Although this brain disease does not remove an addict from their responsibility for their behavior it does explain why many addicts cannot stop using drugs by strength alone. References 1. Satel, S., & Goodwin, F.K. (1998). Is Drug Addiction a Brain Disease?, (9th edition). Upper Saddle River, N.J. Pearson Prentice Hall. Retrieved from http://www.eppc.org/publications/bookID.19,filterID./book_detail.asp 2. National Institute of Drug Abuse. (2007). Is Drug Addiction a Disease? Unknown. Retrieved from http://www.drugabuse.gov/publications/topics-in-brief/drugs-brains-behavior-science-addiction 3. Myers, D.G. (2011).Psychology. (10th edition). New York: Worth Publishers 4. International Narcotics Control Boars (2011). Report of the International Narcotics Control Board for 2011 Unknown. Retrieved from http://www.incb.org/incb/en/publications/annual-reports/annual-report-2011.html

Supply Chain Integrity Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Supply Chain Integrity - Essay Example In view of the fact that the world has become a global village and today’s businesses operate in an environment that goes beyond the limitations of boundaries and borders. Hence, due to expansion of business infrastructures there emerges another major issue that is regarding compliance with immeasurable global laws and regulations posed by a number of countries and worldwide trade unions to deal with violence and money laundering. In this scenario, the majority of issues can be resolved effectively only if supply chain staff make use of the appropriate technologies and tools. In addition, the use of effective information technology based applications and tools can allow the business organizations to put together entire supply chain system and all applicable aspects, hence handling security risks, growing visibility, eventually maintaining supply chain integrity. The use of these technology based tools and applications can provide the organizations with simplicity for the manag ement of all supply chain associates, comprising suppliers, customers, distributers, customs department and service providers. Moreover, these tools and technologies are very useful to supply chain managers in attaining absolute simplicity of a wide variety of business processes such as delivery, procurement and completion systems, comprising keeping an eye on stock schedule and receiving notifications or replacement in case the level of stock becomes low (Eyefortransport, 2013; Gartner, Inc., 2012). The basic purpose of this research is to discuss the impact of supply chain integrity on business organizations. This paper discusses some of the important aspects associated with supply chain, supply chain management, and supply chain integrity. This paper will discuss issues in supply chain integrity and solutions to address those issues. Supply Chain and Supply Chain Management In their book, (Laudon & Laudon, 1999, p. 55) define the supply chain management as a process that combines some of the most important business activities such as the service providers, end customers, retailers logistics operations into a particular reliable way†. In this scenario, the supply chain is believed to be the most important aspect of supply chain management as it involves a variety of corporate operations such as manufacturing units and plants, distribution channels and centers, retail outlets, staff and information, services, which are linked all the way through the specific business units for instance logistics or procurement, with the purpose of delivering end products and services from manufacturing unit to end customers. Basically, in a supply chain process, these products, goods or services come as raw materials and develop by means of an organization’s logistics and manufacturing system until they are delivered to the end customers. To deal with the supply chain, an organization attempts to get rid of impediments and engrave the amount of resources engaged along the way. This can be carried out by streamlining the organizations inside operations or by plummeting inventory costs by getting information from the suppliers to put of release of goods and their payments until the instant they are required. Information Technology makes well-organized supply chain manag

Answer the question Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Answer the question - Essay Example With this, it becomes paramount to understand peoples’ emotion in a social context. The emotional and social intelligence consists of four quadrants. These are self-management, Self-awareness, relationship and social awareness management. A framework of self-management enables leaders or individuals to use their beliefs, knowledge, abilities, and skills to facilitate health-related outcomes. This aspect is crucial because it enables leaders to managers others effectively as they understand their interests in areas of professionalism. Self-awareness is the recognition of one’s personality, which includes weaknesses, strengths, beliefs, motivation, emotions, thoughts, and opportunities. Self-awareness is importance because it enables people to understand other people, their attitude, and responses at a given place or time. Through self-awareness, one is able to see where his emotions and thoughts are directing to. It enables people to control their own emotions, personali ty, and behaviour as they work hard toward facilitating growth in any set-up. Relationship and social awareness management enables leaders to understand their own feelings, concerns, and needs. ... Still, one may lack a clear understand of his behaviour patterns, thoughts, and personality thus not facilitating into success. In my opinion, social and emotional intelligence is important for managers to understand. This is because it creates a strong ground to understand one’s thoughts and how others perceive things. HR managers and leaders should also pay attention to it to foster excellent leadership at their assigned duties (Seltzer 20). By utilizing social and emotional intelligence, one understands people’s behaviour, their personality, behaviour patterns, and what they can do best. For many years, social and emotional intelligence has been considered as the most critical and important factor of determining how successful an employee or individual can be in work or life. The intelligence quotient account helps managers to understand what accounts for an individual’s success at work or in life. It creates a strong ground to understand what an employee can do best. As a result, this fosters success in that it allows competitive employees to perform their assigned duties effectively and successfully. Of the 26 competencies of the social and emotional intelligence, I believe I have the greatest strengths in achievement drive, integrity, and empathy. In all assigned duties, I strive to meet the standards of excellence, and this motivates me to work hard. I have a strong achievement drive to be the best in all I do, and strives to enhance growth, success, and change in all I do. At the work place, I maintain high standards of truthfulness, sincerity, honesty, and ethics. I am optimistic in all I do and persist in achieving my set goals and objectives regardless of setbacks and obstacles. Lastly, I have

Strategic Human Resource Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words - 1

Strategic Human Resource Management - Essay Example Even though the workers are apportioned into different departments, they will be overseen by the human resource department only, apart from the management team. Therefore, human resource department will make their presence in every aspect of worker’s life in an organization. This paper will look at the human resource department of a fictional company, Galactic Enterprise Furniture by specifically analyzing its Strategic Human Resource Management, its advantages, and the disadvantages. In addition, the paper will discuss a set of recommendations, which will be drafted to fill any gap, between what is actually happening and what is felt to be desirable. SHRM short for Strategic human resource management is the concept of managing workers in an organization through human resource management (HRM as well as HRD), with the main emphasis of attaining strategic goals of the organization. So, SHRM can be defined as â€Å"the linking of HRM with strategic goals and objectives in order to improve business performance and develop organizational cultures that foster innovation and flexibility† (Truss & Gratton, 1994). Human Resource management always forms an integral part of the organization and when it becomes a strategic partner in the formulation of the company’s strategies, the concept of Strategic Human Resource Management is initiated. That is, if a company follows SHRM, the activities of the Human Resource Department such as recruiting, training and rewarding personnel will mainly border on achieving the strategic goals of the organization. In short, the HRD should function effectively to produce the best workers, who co uld produce the best results for the organization. So, this concept of SHRM could produce optimum results for the organization like Galactic Enterprises Group particularly Galactic Office Furniture (GOF) and the employees working in it.

Hinduism Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 2

Hinduism - Essay Example are many aspects of their religious beliefs and practices that provide the necessary common ground to bring under a single political classification, if not a theistic one. While the predominant deity may differ from one faction to the other, all deities are taken from the more than 300 million divine entities that form the cosmos. While no one scripture is considered to represent the religion in all its complexities, a few historical scriptures are widely circulated, read and referred across the various denominations. These are the Vedas (some of which date back to 2000 years B.C. and beyond) and Upanishads (a later-day invention of the Brahman classes). Some form of religious practices, beliefs and rituals that derived from Brahmanas, Aranyakas, Upanishads and Vedas are being used by the Hindus even today. This is the strongest argument in favor of a unifying Hindu theology (Van Horn, 2006). Hinduism places emphasis on worship of nature. Indus Valley was the cradle of the religion. Hence, the way of life afforded by its geography holds religious significance as well. The Indus River was vital to the survival of its surrounding inhabitants; so worship of river god is a basic tenet. This also explains the reverence accorded to river Ganges, the dependents of which refer to it as Ganga Mata (Mother Ganga). The plains on either side of these rivers provide the necessary fertile grounds for growing subsistence crops. And at the time of composition of the Vedas, domesticated cattle was the only means to plough the land. Cows also provide other necessary nutrients in the form of its milk. What started as reverence had evolved into devotion and worship. This social aspect of life in the two millennia before Christ explains why Cows are regarded as sacred animals even today. So, at the time of its formation, Hinduism was little more than a practical means of livelihood. But the religion’s links to every day life became weak ever after making it an abstract

Leadership Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Leadership - Research Paper Example One of the foci of these varied discourses is the concept of leadership and the way it affects the efficacy of any organization. The reason for laying emphasis on this topic is multifold. First, the importance that effective leadership holds in functioning of any sort of activity is self-evident: a football team cannot perform without a coach, a company without its CEO and a family without a head. Secondly, the failure of leadership has evidenced some of the most drastic failures of the history: empires with lazy kings, companies with ineffective heads and teams with incompetent captains have, been the driving force behind the downfalls of their tenure. It is for this reason that this paper focuses on the leadership and skills that make up a good leader. The paper dwells into the effective leadership styles and the skills, which are important in building strong management strategies, which subsequently help in strengthening the structure of any organization or a company. Unlike popul ar beliefs, there is no one formula of a good leader. Every task has a different context to it and leaders, or rather good leaders, differ from one task to another. Thus, a good leadership strategy in one field may not be the optimal plan of action in the other (Koestenbaum, 2002). Therefore, a good leader understands the situation he is surrounded with, and performs in accordance with the situation. For example, the soccer coach of a primary school team and that of a country’s premier league team seem to be alike, but in reality are very different. The coach of the primary school team cannot use the same disciplinary methods or motivational speech as those of the latter coach. His audience is different and so he needs to be more loving and less strict in his attitude than the professional coach of a much bigger team is. Thus, there is no one definition of a good leader. However, there are some primary uncontested skills, which form the base of all sorts of leadership styles and are therefore very much in demand. Some of these skills are explained here: Time-Management Time management is one of the most fundamental skills necessary for effective leadership. A good leader not only manages his time well but also plans effectively for his her team. Here, time management does not only refer to planning schedules and sticking to it but also to the active attitude. A good leader is always on the go and does not slack or lay off work for the next day. Leaders are also very goal-oriented. They envision an end and then set more specific, short-term goals that lead to that bigger aim. Importance of time management best reflects itself in the example of Mughal emperors of India, who, due to their distraction to gambling and women, lost their empire to British reign. Self-Confidence Self- confidence is another very important tool of good leadership. Self-confidence means that the person has faith in his own self and really believes in his ideals and actions. A good leader can only inspire others to work for the goal if he really believes that they all are capable of achieving that goal. On the other hand, an insecure or unconfident leader who is doubtful of his own ideals will not do justice to the responsibility that he bestowed with and will inhibit the goal achievement process of his team (Goleman, 2004). People skills The most important of all the leadership skills is the skill to deal with people. A good leader invests resources in building rapport

Strategy briefing paper regarding the strategic issue Essay

Strategy briefing paper regarding the strategic issue - Essay Example So the handsets manufactured must have facilities that support internet surfing (Grant, 2010, p. 72). The major players in the handset business are Samsung and Apple which have captured a huge amount of market. The brands have considerable acceptability throughout the world. Not only that these brands are constantly in the process of providing the customers with the most updated products making the handset experience as pleasant as possible. There are several booming economies like China, Latin America and India which these companies have targeted and for this these brands had to take very intense pricing strategies. These companies have a very wide acceptability in these economies. The introduction of the 3G in the mobile network has resulted in making the telecommunications faster (Johnson, Whittington and Scholes, 2011, p. 23). Apple and Samsung have remained the market leader in the 3G technology. Nokia has lagged behind in this segment. The design innovation in case of Samsung and Apple are much better .Hence these handsets have better acceptability among the customers. The ope rating system that Nokia initially used has very low acceptability and therefore most of the buyers have switched to the Android Model. Thus it is essential for Nokia to upgrade itself to the Windows operating system to get the acceptability in the market. After the acquisition of the company by the software giant Microsoft the company can explore a lot of opportunities in which Nokia should be following the strategies taken by Apple (Wingfield, 2013, p. 12). Nokia would be able to use the advanced operating system of Microsoft. The company can use the technological research and developments made by Microsoft to enhance the features of the Nokia handset. The software giant Microsoft would be able to market the products of Nokia in a better way. This is because Microsoft has a very wide network and the distribution channels and

Organic solar cells Literature review Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Organic solar cells - Literature review Example The development of the photovoltaic cell is important for the future alternative energy production in the global community (Mihailetchi, 2005; Williams, 2010). Due to the importance of harvesting solar energy, the continuous development of solar cells is one of the most important developments in the conversion of solar energy. Dendrimer is a significant technology in light-harvesting due to the efficiency (Andrews et al., 2009). Organic solar cells are photovoltaic cells with organic make-up used due to different advantages for the light absorption process and transfer of energy. Initially, the photovoltaic cells are made with crystal silicon photovoltaic are used. Due to the fixed bandgap energy and high cost of production, new materials for solar cells had been developed. The organic solar cells are referred to as second generation photovoltaics which had different advantages such as lower manufacturing costs and higher power conversion efficiency (Williams, 2010, p.2). Organic solar cells are solar cell consisting of organic materials. A solar cell is a composed of one or more light-absorbing layers between two electrodes. One of the layers is for passage of light. The active layer can release free carriers upon the absorption of light which then gather at the electrodes. In the organic solar cells, the main difference is the material for the active layers. It is composed of thin films of organic semiconductors formed through solution-based polymeric materials or through thermal evaporation for small-molecule materials (William, 2010, p.3). Photovoltaic behaviour of organic solar cells is the main basis of the function and the advantage of the said type of thin film solar cells. Organic semiconductors, such as lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) and highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO), use plastic or glass substrates with

Gas law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

Gas law - Essay Example The independent variable in this chart is temperature whereas the dependent variable is volume. This corresponds to Charles law V/T = k From figure 3, it is seen that the volume of a gas decreases exponentially with the increase in pressure. Plotting the values of pressure against the inverse of the volume gives us Boyles law (PV = Constant) that states that at constant temperature the pressure of the gas is inversely proportional to the size. From the figure for it is observed that when the pressure is doubled the volume is reduced by half. The linear graph passes through the point of origin (0, 0). Air is a mixture of different gases that respond differently in different conditions. The ideal gas law provides provisions for incorporation of various gasses in a system. Therefore, air was a suitable choice for an ideal gas According to the ideal gas law PV=nRT, therefore at constant number of moles and temperature the pressure is inversely proportional to the volume and therefore obeys Boyles law. At constant n and P, V is directly proportional to T with increasing T, V will also increase. From the data calculated and represented in figures 1-3 the ideal gas law is experimentally defined. From figure 1, it has been seen that the volume is directly proportional to temperature at constant pressure. From figure 2 it is observed that the volume is directly proportional to temperature and from figure 3 and 4 it is observed that the volume is inversely proportional to pressure. All these are the ideas behind the ideal gas

Wal-Marts Unethical Behavior Essay Example for Free

Wal-Marts Unethical Behavior Essay For the past few decades Wal-Mart has been criticized and accused for being involved with all sorts of unethical behavior. Many various groups of people have come after Wal-Mart protesting against their company’s policies and business practices. Labor, community, environmental, and religious groups are some of the most known types of groups that have tried to personally attack Wal-Mart for their lack of social responsibility. Just some of the many areas that have raised concern by people would be the corporation’s foreign product sourcing, environmental practices, the use of public subsidies, and the treatment of employees and product suppliers. Wal-Mart continues to deny any allegations of wrongdoings and unethical behavior (Fishman). Many stories have surfaced that would label Wal-Mart as being an unethical company. Some stories are big, some are small, and some are probably completely made up. However, there is a lot of evidence that shows how unethical Wal-Mart has been in many different types of circumstances. Prior to 2007 it was estimated that 87,000 Wal-Mart employees were cheated out of $34 million because the Wal-Mart executives failed to pay workers overtime. Some even admitted that they were trained by their superiors to not pay anyone overtime. This is a very immoral act because the workers are not getting paid what they deserve and this makes it harder for them to pay for their living expenses (Fishman). Wal-Mart has had over 100 lawsuits concerning wage and hour violations. They have been charged with not giving workers federally mandated breaks and lunches. They have also required workers to take their missed breaks or overtime before the Friday’s end of the pay period, which is an illegal act. Wal-Mart has been accused for not paying full-time benefits for workers who work 40 hours or more per week. In 2005 in the state of California, Wal-Mart was forced to pay $172 million in damages. There has been several cases of where Wal-Mart has had to pay many millions of dollars for employee damages. The ethical issue in this case would be fairness. All employees should be granted what they deserve and what they were promised (Greenhouse). Wal-Mart does not pay many of their employees enough money to support their family or even have health care. They pay 26-37% less than the national average for the same jobs in the retail industry. Wal-Mart pays poverty level wages and this is very unethical because they make such huge profits that can allow them to pay decent living wages. Wal-Mart profits more by using State Governments to fund health care for its employees which is not fair to their competitors or the society (Olsson). Wal-Mart has the worst health packages when compared with their competitors. For example they cover only about 50% of their employees while the national average for major retailers is around 64%. Wal-Mart employees have to wait for 6 months to get health insurance compared to the national average of 3 months. They even charge extra for emergency room visits and ambulance usage. Also, employees with pre-existing conditions have to wait at least one year to receive any treatment. Instead of trying to give their employees the bare minimum, Wal-Mart should readjust their prices and salaries so that enough money would go towards things like basic health care (Fishman). Thorough studies have been done as well as many court cases that prove that Wal-Mart discriminates against women by not paying them as much as their male counterparts. It is also much rarer for women to be promoted to upper management than it is a male. A 2003 study was done that showed that women received 37 cents an hour less than the men that held the same position. Female managers earn about $5,000 less than male managers. Even though 72% of Wal-Mart’s workforce consists of women they still only make up 33% of all managers. Jon Lehman who is a former Wal-Mart store manager said that most of the superiors believed that women are useless at Wal-Mart. An African American woman asked a superior if she wasn’t promoted to management because she was a woman or because she was black and the superior replied that two out of two isn’t bad. Not only is this against the law, but it is very immoral as well as discriminatory (Norman). Just one audit of one week’s worth of time clock records at one specific Wal-Mart showed that minors were working too late at night, during school hours, and were working too many hours a day. It also found more than 60,000 cases of minors not taking breaks and even more cases of minors working through meal times. This is unethical because minors should be focusing on school and not working too many hours at Wal-Mart. A Wal-Mart in CT was given huge violations for having minors working with machinery such as paper balers, chainsaws, and forklifts. Children are not at the age of consent to operate such machinery in any fashion. Horrific incidences were discovered in a Wal-Mart factory in Bangladesh where children were routinely beaten, forced to work overtime for little or no pay, and were told to lie about their age (Greenhouse). In China, workers are treated more like slaves than people. They are treated as tools to get the work done as quickly and cheaply as possible. They are taught to lie to inspectors and auditors about the amount of time they work and the working conditions that they endure (Greenhouse). They were told that if they didn’t lie then they would lose their job. Wal-Mart pays only 18 cents for a product that is made in China that they charge $14.96 for in America. It was reported that a Wal-Mart supplier factory employed minors as young as 12 working them for excessive overtime hours and for under minimum wage. They were also working with chemicals without any protective gear. All human beings should be treated with a certain level of respect regardless of age or ethnicity. Wal-Mart should improve their working conditions and remedy all situations of unethical behavior especially towards those who are under age and not supposed to be working in the first place (Fishman). Wal-Mart claims to care about the environment, but they actually harm the environment. They lied about having an environmental person dedicated to these issues and they don’t actually have an environmentally friendly policy in place. Wal-Mart shows to have more of an avoidance towards their harming of the environment. They have been known to put chemicals into the environment that can cause birth defects as well as storing fertilizers in parking lots unprotected. Wal-Mart has seemed to continue to ignore the idea of better storage for certain products and necessary environmental policies. Over a few years span Wal-Mart has had to shell out millions of dollars to pay for Clean Water Act violations (Olsson). Wal-Mart has received billions of dollars in subsidies to set up shop nationwide as well as some other countries. Wal-Mart is so profitable that it does not need to receive money from anyone. If Wal-Mart was a community conscious organization then they wouldn’t need any money from cities, states, or communities. They often set up their stores on the outskirts of town so they can receive free plumbing, however other companies and citizens have to pay for such utilities themselves when they’re in the same situation (Bianco). Sam Walton was known for practicing corporate socialism. He sought out free land, long term leases at prices below market, getting workers trained at the government’s expense, and even pocketing sales taxes. He also had a $37 million ramp and roadway constructed for Wal-Mart’s corporate headquarters in Arizona which the State paid for (Fishman). The government’s money that is going to Wal-Mart could be going towards things such as education and building our youth. They are a very selfish organization that strives to get bigger individually and have complete disregard for everyone else. There was a case in Denver where three schools ended up closing because there was not enough money to keep them open, however around that same time period Wal-Mart received $2 million. It is very unethical and not abiding by free market policies to give such a huge store like Wal-Mart such a competitive advantage when the mom and pop stores continue to go out of business (Bianco). By being such an unethical company Wal-Mart is putting smaller, trustworthy businesses out of business. Since they pay very low wages and receive money from states and governments, they can charge such a cheap price which in return puts those smaller businesses that have to charge slightly more for the same products out of business. It is just plain wrong how Wal-Mart treats everyone that is involved with their organization and the competitors. They don’t care about the economy or the environment; they only care about how much money they can collect. It is estimated that Wal-Mart’s trade deficit with China eliminated 200,000 U.S. jobs between 2001 and 2006 (Olsson). If Wal-Mart was its own nation then it would be China’s eighth largest trading partner. Wal-Mart is able to have such cheap goods because the safety standards are lower in China which in return puts the American consumer at risk. This is very unethical because Wal-Mart is risking their consumer’s health by trying to maximize their own profits. By offering such low prices, Wal-Mart is putting other companies out of business that actually sell quality products that are safe to the consumer (Bianco). Wal-Mart has hundreds of cameras and security guards inside their stores to protect their own merchandise, but it’s a completely different story when it comes to the type of security that is present in the parking lots or outside of the stores. There has been so many shootings, carjackings, and muggings in Wal-Mart parking lots that many local police departments have asked Wal-Mart to hire on site security guards to help protect against such behavior. However, for the most part Wal-Mart has failed to do so. Wal-Mart has known of these types of issues in their parking lots, but have continued to turn their heads in the opposite direction (Norman). When Wal-Mart plans for new store locations, there are many activists and groups of people that oppose and try to protest the construction of the new store. Wal-Mart tends to ignore issues such as traffic congestion, potential environmental problems, public safety, and bad public relations. In 2004 Wal-Mart opened a store in Mexico just over a mile from the historic Teotihuacan archaeological site and the Pyramid of the moon. This caused a lot of protests with the locals because they thought this was a very disrespectful notion. By building a Wal-Mart in such a symbolic area it was seen by many as placing one of the main culprits of globalization in the heart of ancient Mexico (Fishman). In 1998 Wal-Mart wanted to open a store in Nashville, Tennessee right on top of Native American burial grounds and where a Civil War battle took place. Protests took place, however Wal-Mart won the battle and ended up moving the graves so they could construct the new store. If this isn’t immoral and disrespectful then I don’t know what is. I would have to think that there would be other locations where they could have opened the store. It almost seems as if Wal-Mart likes to show their power in any way possible (Norman). Wal-Mart cannot justify all the wrong that they have done to many people and communities by simply offering and continuing to express their low prices. Money may make the world go around, but it won’t save the world. People’s actions is what will make this world a better place to live in. Sacrificing the environment and human rights is simply immoral and unethical just so one major monopolistic organization can continue to offer the lowest prices possible. Wal-Mart needs to be held accountable for all of their actions regardless of the amount of money they produce. It is very difficult to monitor and control such a huge companies actions and to try and stop them from being completely unethical. The outcome of their unethical behavior has been many lawsuits and they just continue to surface. Wal-Mart has such a huge profit that these lawsuits do not stop them from being unethical (Bianco). Hopefully Wal-Mart’s unethical behavior will eventually catch up with them. Wal-Mart superiors at the corporate level should understand that unethical behavior eventually turns around to bite you but they continue to ignore the issues. It will take many years to completely resolve the type of unethical behavior that is allowed but steps need to be taken to reach that sort of goal. A complete restructuring of the company and those in charge may be necessary to cleanse the unethical behavior. The right people and policies must be in place from top-down to every Wal-Mart store across the entire world. Once they realize all the issues and feel the need to correct them, then they can look forward to the future in a positive and ethical way that will benefit everybody involved. References Bianco, Anthony; Zellner, Wendy. Is Walmart Too Powerful? Business Week. 2003. Fishman, Charles. The Walmart You Don’t Know. Fast Company. 2003. Greenhouse, Steven. In-House Audit Says Walmart Violated Labor Laws. The New York Times. 2004. Norman, Al. The Case Against Wal-Mart. Raphel Marketing. ISBN 0-9711542-3-6. 2004. Olsson, Karen. Up Against Walmart. Mother Jones. 2003

Role Of Media In Branding Fashion Apparel Industry Marketing Essay

Role Of Media In Branding Fashion Apparel Industry Marketing Essay In order to accomplish the objective, the spirit of media have to be fully understood in strategic positioning for high-end clothing industry and the influence of media planning on the companys marketing strategy, the extent of the appearance of media and how the companies are to retort to the information provided by the media. This study is expected to endow with the exposure of the roles of media, the brand management of luxury industry, the interface of media and branding for this particular field as a retrospective expression and to be considered as an esteem of this area Implications for Organizations The affray is getting so furious that the enterprise natural environment alterations all the time and it is crucial for latest tendency retailers to differentiate in the market location as well as the designing of trading advocating (Moore and Fairhurst, 2003). This task has its own restricts in proposing which should be worried on, but it still presents some insight into buyer demeanour when it arrives to fashion. Marketers should use a blend of diverse advances to advance or boost the possibilities for persons to obtain advocating information. For example, to attain the yearned conclusion of maximized branding, the significance of the intermediate that convey the advocating note can not ever be worried enough; it should be mindfully assessed and the contents should be creative, eye-catching to grab the consumers attention. Ideally, the note will consign to the buyer assembly and leverage their buying demeanour or habits. In order to positively influence recipients opinions towards advertising covering both current and potential consumers requires intricate research and design, because it concerns with the delicate functions of advertising communications of medium, source credibility, and advertising and fashion systems.   Literature Review   The future success will not belong to product or technology-oriented organizations, but to customer-focused organization, supported by market-information competencies, which links the customer to the firms value-delivery process. (Webster, 1988) The intension of this project is to observe the role of media in positioning strategy and brand management for premium apparel industry. The endeavor is to reconfirm the significance of media in branding communication and to disclose the feasible best solution to the decision-making of marketing strategy. To absolutely identify the personality of media in strategic positioning for high-end consumer goods and the impact on the companys marketing strategy, we should first clarify the nature of media, then of the leverage it possess. Fashion Fashion is not just about apparel and accessories. Rather, it is more of a mind-set in the direction of life and can be appeared as a cipher or dialect which reflects the phenomenon of the society. (Solomon and Rabolt, 2004). In detail, it wrappings all kinds of commerce parts automobiles, furnishings, architecture, telecommunications etc. All of this can be documented as that Fashion or vogue habitually comprises certain stage of heritage activities. It could be a chic bistro persons proceed to, the digital melodies contestant we convey with everyday or even the most talked-about TV programme. However, when mentioning to latest tendency in this task, we restrict the meanings to one of numerous modes persons articulate themselves by the apparel constituent being put on. Consumer Behaviour towards Fashion Discussions of buyer demeanour can be traced back as early as The idea of Leisure Class by Thorstein Veblen (1925 [1899]), which proposes the transformation of every day purposeful products into certain thing symbolic for the inherent affray of communal status. Status searching in such a important motivation for obtaining the right goods and services, the users wish the other ones will understand he or she has the proficiency to make it.(Thompson,1990) Further elaboration indicates the premier communal superiors are in seek of new tendencies and methods endlessly, in alignment to differentiate themselves from the tricking-down consequences on the less privileged groups. (Simmel,1971[1903]). While latest tendency merchandise really is the perfect piece class for expressing the personal and psychological facets of oneself (Lazer, 1981), it is the individuals yearn to sustain and enhance his own values. Then, brand was altered into the pointer ob emblem wearers mind-set, by which a in dividual broadcasts his persona, displays his standards, expresses his feeling, or suggests his attitude., (Evans,1989) Particularly, latest tendency brands are entails of expressing identification and subsequently, proceed as a assurance of consistency and a shortcut in decision-making. Premium Fashion Retailing Fashion is a multi-billion-dollar business. On the matching bases of delineating latest approach, premium apparel latest approach is delineated as designer wear, which embraces the designers own tag and their overpass lines. The reasoning behind it is that the borderline between high latest approach and mass latest approach is significantly vague (Solomon and Rabolt, 2004), and most of the bulk view the designers brand label label is high-end fashion. As designer label, logo, label and trademark are decorated on clothing, boots, bags, they are drawn on to present the individuals sole taste.(Lurie,1981) The heading of designer clothing, as upheld by Danziger(2004), collapses under the group of lifestyle luxuries. Highly brand label oriented administration that add worth and brings ahead symbolic worth past the operational can in addition gain a merchandise charge advantage  by compelling a charge premium family member to competitors, which is often the case in the couture latest app roach market. Competitive superiority in the latest approach retail subdivision is the point to which the governing body ideals brand labels and its practices are oriented towards building brand label capabilities. Fashion brand labels want to deduce their unique brand label labels and, as such unique capabilities in rank to realize bigger market differentiation. Manufacturers commonly use branding as a signifies of augmenting symbolic worth (consumption) to an item. Handsome charge will be compensated to the advertiser who has the head to bring ahead a rational photograph and the constancy to fasten with it over a long period. (Ogilvy, 1963) Mass Media and Advertising The issue of broadcasting and advertising is one of the most discussed subjects in view to consumerism in concurrent society. Some dispute that mass broadcasting inaccurately report   the development of the enterprise, but the press is the greatest reflection of societys relative standing (Oliver, 1984) and advertising helps as an invention for clients, those who are keen to compensate since the knowledge it gives lessens explore time. From the purpose of scenery of economic procedure of knowledge, advertising is an influential source of client information.(Stigler,1961) Firms today deduced very fragile selling approaches to make perform with the use of knowledge to distribute promulgating budget. Exclusivity is the victorious charge for striving against bidders and it often growth recognition substantially. Many new means of promulgating have modified the conventional awareness of advertisements: advertising sites, sponsorship, signage, billboard, wares locations, credits etc. Fashion Marketing Fashion development has become midpoint to mass society as one of the course for separate someone verbalize themselves and bring ahead identities. (De la haye and Wilson, 1999) Marketing in latest approach development has shown a movement of quick development. A comprehensive appreciating and winning request for paid job is resolutely under the attention of triumph for every latest approach retailer. Several worries are stressed by empirical research for selling advance to communications: (Burberry, 2002; Moore and Birtwistle, 2004) The value of promulgating for creating a luxury brand photograph and way of life association has been recognized. Fashion shows and associated events augment substantially to the achievements of global broadcasting coverage. A proactive media organization strategy is very valued for the attainment of enough editorial reporting and the development of a plausible global profile and standing. Active selling making acquaintance in the development of photograph and way of life that is competent of engendering extensive involvement amid costumers and media. Brand Management A brand label is such a very valued intangible asset and ought be supervised carefully (Webster and Keller, 2004)   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Brand location is the part of the brand label personal identity and worth proposition that is to be energetically conveyed to the objective listeners and that clearly presents superiority over other, striving against brands. (Aaker,1991) Literature consistently cites to brand labels as an evaluate to add worth, either for the wares or the service the financial gathering has to offer. In rank to realize the brand label objectives and to enhance the competitiveness, administration nee to supervise the worth augmenting capabilities and initiate their own sole aspects that demarcate the offerings from those of competitors'(Brisdon and Evans, 2004; Simones and Dibb, 2001) Branding is the quintessence of selling pursuit in a company. In other remarks, brand label organization should be the utmost guidance for helping the financial gathering to realise the companys greatest goal. To endure and flourish, administration ought to bring ahead win-win bonds with the population they deal with in a collaborative quest for an actual configuration of mutual worth creation. Apparel branding has been encountered to function as a cue to consider consumers; association with certain groups. Theoretical Rationale Russel H. Colley (1961) had come up with DAGMAR approach to establish an explicit link between ad goals and ad results. He opines that an advertising goal is a precise communication task to be accomplished among a definite audience in a given period of time. This approach has changed the way that advertising outcome was measured. It introduced the concept of communication objectives like awareness, understanding, image and outlook. It also focused attention upon measurement, cheering people to create objectives so precise that they can be calculated. DAGMAR assumes that the awareness and liking of the brand can be achieved through media advertising alone. Media advertising is an prominent source of consumer information.(Stigler, 1961) Many new ways of advertising have altered the traditional view. In the ever-changing business world, the reassurance consistent brands can offer is a vital element in the added value (Feldwick, 1990) In light of the exceptional short shelf-life fashion goods have, marketers need to equip advertisements with the most up-to-date messages that the consumers seek. (Halve, 2005) The difficulty of targeting the right customers lies between the gap of understanding consumer behavior and media habits. (Dukes and Gal-Or, 2003) Based on the above theory, my research will analyze medias influence on Apparel Industry and consumer buying behavior. Data Sources The chief source would be to gather articles, papers and reports describing the role of media in Apparel Industry. This would fall under the Secondary data source (Fisher, 2007). Past cases would provide in depth coverage of events and are a trusted source. Also, journals and other articles on media and fashion apparel industry will be collected. All the above will enable coverage in depth of the topic and of the conclusions made earlier. This would be a proven source to base by research upon. Past case studies will help us in finding how media has helped the fashion apparel industry in advertising their products. As the research mainly analyses the role of media in fashion Apparel Industry, it will not be appropriate to collect the primary data in the form of a survey. Methodology Bryman and Bell (2007) stated that there are two strategies for research i.e. Qualitative and Quantitative methods. Quantitative data replicates finding about a sampling units in number while Qualitative data is information without the usage of numbers. Blumberg et al (2005) mentioned that researchers prefer either type of study. Taking into consideration the research, a blend of Qualitative and Quantitative research method is applied. Qualitative approach will help me become more knowledgeable with the fact the research is interested in (Trochim, 2000). This will give me a deeper understanding of the subject and help me in connecting one variable to another (Fisher, 2007). This will allow me to put down my findings about the role of media in fashion apparel industry. Quantitative data will help in construction of statistical models and explain the observations from it (Miles and Huberman, 1994). This data will help me in finding the influences on Fashion Involvement, Brand Conscious ness and Impulsiveness. In this research the method of data collection has been Desk Based Research. An extensive review of all the available secondary data would be essential.   Hypotheses The hypotheses to be tested in my research are:- Influences on Fashion Involvement Influences on Brand Consciousness Influences on Impulsiveness Research Design   Being essential to develop the most suitable research strategy, as to design the research process, including determining the research method, characteristics of the research instruments, and either quantitative or qualitative data to be used in analysis (Chisnall, 1997) Research design is a set of advanced decisions that make up the master plan specifying the methods and procedures for collecting and analyzing the needed information.(Burns and Bush, 2000) Considering this research, exploratory and descriptive research design method would best be appropriate. Wide range of literature will be searched and quoted to clarify the problems in practice.   Ethical Considerations According to Diener and Crandall (1978), there are four issues where ethical considerations could occur are: Harm to participants; Lack of informed consent; Invasion of privacy; Deception. The retail outlets confidentiality would be maintained subject to their consent. The main ethical issues occurring will be during Field Work interviews, surveys and observations. The ethical issues would be taken proper care during the conduct of interviews and questionnaire. The opinions and answers of the interviewer would be respected and his identity would be kept anonymous, to respect the privacy. No one would be forced to give the questionnaire; it would totally depend on the individual. During observations care would be taken, so that it does not be a hindrance to the store and the customers. The data collected from various sources would also not be forwarded to everyone. The findings of the data would only be used for research purposes. The data would be free from any bias by the researched. Aston Business School (ABS) ethical issues regarding data protection and plagiarism would also be respected. All the books, journals, authors and any other sources would be duly respected and referenced if used. Any other ethical issue to occur during the research would also be taken care.

University International Students

University International Students Introduction Studying at the university requires adjustment so that the student can effectively function and pursue his chosen field of study. Ones academic life, gaining access to educational materials, and interaction with classmates and professors are all important factors in the adjustment process. Yet, they are not the only factors that should be taken into account. This adjustment process becomes even more important for international students. They have to adjust to the culture of the location of their university, they have to take into account the language, the social norms, the idioms and metaphors being used by the society that the university belongs to. If they fail to adjust in the social context, their education might not be maximized, and, worse, they might not be able to understand a lot of things in their schooling. This essay takes a look in the adjustment process that international students have to face, particularly their context and their learning styles. It discusses how context and learning style affects their adjustment process. In doing so, this essay presents several theories and principles regarding the learning process. Furthermore, it presents several recommendations on how international students could better adjust in the university. More than just a theoretical presentation, this essay also takes into account the personal experiences of the author and will deal with some of the challenges being faced by international students in the university. This understanding is very important so that the international students, and other university students and professors would come to better strategies in helping international students cope with the university life and all its rigors and demands. University Culture and the International Student The university promotes scholarly studies and the pursuit of knowledge and wisdom. In addition to this, the application of this body of knowledge in the society is also taken into account. Because of the process of globalization, university culture is also being internationalized in the sense that the university is being integrated into the global processes defining the world at this time (Bartell, 2003). Given this internationalization of universities, international students necessarily come to the fore. In a study conducted by Neville, students at the university who have previously enrolled expressed fear that they may not do well in the university because of the pressures of family, society, and of the economic side of their schooling. As an international student, I have also experienced some of these challenges. Since I am far away from my family, I feel homesick at times, unable to focus on my studies. It takes courage and resolve in order for me to truly pursue my university education. Yet, because of the importance of my university education and the interactions with others, I painstakingly work towards improving myself in pursuing my education. International Students and Speaking English Another challenge that international students face is the issue of language. Since English is recognized internationally as the language of the university, international students have to learn this language so that they can converse fluently and intelligently with classmates and professors. For international students who are already fluent in this language, they have surmounted an important barrier. Yet, those who have not done yet, they need to work more in learning English, otherwise, they will fail to interact and converse with others, which is an important part of university life. Universities therefore need to help international students who speak English as a second language in improving their English skills. This is the only way for them to truly make the connections that will help them complete their university education. Speech and language laboratories could be established and part of the learning processes of international students. This way, they will be able to interact better and have more opportunities in improving their English language skills. As an international student who entered the university, I experienced a kind of culture shock because the university promotes a culture of literacy (Nevile, 1996). Although I was already a bit fluent with the English, I was not a prolific writer. So I had to attend some writing workshops and tutorial sessions so I could improve the way that I write in the English language. With this process, I was able to improve some of the things that I faced. In addition to this, I also talked with other international students regarding the struggles that they face and the difficulties that they are having. In the process, I managed to have a support group that could easily help me deal with homesickness and other difficulties of being an international student. The interactions with other international students helped me become more prepared in dealing with the rigors of university life. Maximizing Adjustment to the University For international students who want to make the most out of the university, there are several tips that could be followed. For one, improving English skills is a must. It might take more time and effort to do so, yet, it is of utmost important that English skills become excellent. International students should also form support groups that could help them deal with homesickness and other challenges of being in a foreign society. The emotional support given by others makes a lot of difference in the adjustment process. Lastly, international students should be able to maximize all available resources at their disposal through consistent and persistent studying and pursuit of knowledge. This is the best way to deal with the adjustment process. Conclusion This essay has looked at the experiences of international students in adjusting at a university. Universities do have a culture of literacy, which the international student may not be prepared for. As such, they need to double their efforts in learning, in interacting and talking with others—friends, professors, classmates, and other international students—and gaining access to all forms of educational resources. By establishing support groups and mentoring relationships, international students could do well in their university education and prepare them for excellent work even beyond the university. Through this, they could contribute better to their society and their world. Reference Bartell, M. (2003). Internationalization of universities: A university culture-based framework. Higher Education, 45 (1), 43-70. Nevile, M. (1996). Literacy Culture Shock: Developing Academic Literacy at the University. The Australian Journal of Language and Literacy, 19 (1), 38-51.

Merchant of Venice Essay: Shylock - Antagonist or Victim?

The Merchant of Venice: Shylock - Antagonist or Victim?  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚        Ã‚   In The Merchant of Venice, by William Shakespeare, there appears Shylock - a Jew. As the play unfolds Shylock is seen to be the villain and is portrayed as being cold, unbending, and evil.   Shylock can easily be assumed to be the antagonist in this play or, after careful research and study, he can also be viewed as persecuted individual who resorts to revenge as a last resort after he has been pushed too far.    To fully understand the character of Shylock we must first look at Elizabeathen attitudes towards Jews.   In the sixteenth century Jews were rarely if ever seen in England.   In the Middle Ages Jews had fled to England to escape persecution in France under the Normans.   They were granted charter in England by Henry I in return for a percentage of their profits from trade and moneylending.   It is here that the stereotype of Jews lending money was started.   Because of the tariffs placed on them by the crown Jews took to charging high interest rates to secure profits for themselves.   Here we see echos of   Shylock with his usury. Finally the Jews were ordered out of England in 1254 by Edward I. They did not return to England until the later half of the seventeenth century. (Lippman 3-4) Jews were also viewed as devils by Elizabeathan audiences.   Old stories portrayed them as "blood-thirsty murders" that poisoned wells and killed Christian children for their bizarre Passover ritual!   als. (Stirling 2:1)  Ã‚   These were the stereotypes which Shakespeare's audience held in regard to Jews.   Shakespeare himself had never seen a Jew but he goes to great lengths to humanize Shylock even while perpetuating the stereotype.    In Act 1:3, before Shyl... ...d, hurt with the same weapons, subject to the same diseases, healed by the same means, warmed and cooled by the same winter and summer as a Christian is?   (III,i,54-59)    At this point in the play it seems that Shylock is no different from any other man except for the fact that his religion has made him in outcast from society.   Our understanding of this fact does not lessen the horror we feel at his cruelty towards Antonio, but we are able to remember that the passion for revenge is a common human failing and not the unique characteristics of a ferocious and inhuman monster as the Elizabeathans believed. (Lippman 3)    Works Cited: Lippman,   Laura.  Ã‚   Merchant of Venice   Princeton, NJ: Peterson's Guides, 1999. Stirling, Grant. "Shakespeare and Anti-Semitism: The Question of Shylock." February 1997. http://www.geocities.com/Athens/Acropolis/7221. Merchant of Venice Essay: Shylock - Antagonist or Victim? The Merchant of Venice: Shylock - Antagonist or Victim?  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚        Ã‚   In The Merchant of Venice, by William Shakespeare, there appears Shylock - a Jew. As the play unfolds Shylock is seen to be the villain and is portrayed as being cold, unbending, and evil.   Shylock can easily be assumed to be the antagonist in this play or, after careful research and study, he can also be viewed as persecuted individual who resorts to revenge as a last resort after he has been pushed too far.    To fully understand the character of Shylock we must first look at Elizabeathen attitudes towards Jews.   In the sixteenth century Jews were rarely if ever seen in England.   In the Middle Ages Jews had fled to England to escape persecution in France under the Normans.   They were granted charter in England by Henry I in return for a percentage of their profits from trade and moneylending.   It is here that the stereotype of Jews lending money was started.   Because of the tariffs placed on them by the crown Jews took to charging high interest rates to secure profits for themselves.   Here we see echos of   Shylock with his usury. Finally the Jews were ordered out of England in 1254 by Edward I. They did not return to England until the later half of the seventeenth century. (Lippman 3-4) Jews were also viewed as devils by Elizabeathan audiences.   Old stories portrayed them as "blood-thirsty murders" that poisoned wells and killed Christian children for their bizarre Passover ritual!   als. (Stirling 2:1)  Ã‚   These were the stereotypes which Shakespeare's audience held in regard to Jews.   Shakespeare himself had never seen a Jew but he goes to great lengths to humanize Shylock even while perpetuating the stereotype.    In Act 1:3, before Shyl... ...d, hurt with the same weapons, subject to the same diseases, healed by the same means, warmed and cooled by the same winter and summer as a Christian is?   (III,i,54-59)    At this point in the play it seems that Shylock is no different from any other man except for the fact that his religion has made him in outcast from society.   Our understanding of this fact does not lessen the horror we feel at his cruelty towards Antonio, but we are able to remember that the passion for revenge is a common human failing and not the unique characteristics of a ferocious and inhuman monster as the Elizabeathans believed. (Lippman 3)    Works Cited: Lippman,   Laura.  Ã‚   Merchant of Venice   Princeton, NJ: Peterson's Guides, 1999. Stirling, Grant. "Shakespeare and Anti-Semitism: The Question of Shylock." February 1997. http://www.geocities.com/Athens/Acropolis/7221.

Commentary on the Satiric Nature of George Orwell’s 1984 Essay

It goes without saying that every work in literature is unique. The way that certain novels, novellas, or poems go about accentuating certain themes or points, whether of grand nature or of little consequence to society, is certainly achieved through a concoction of literary styles. The most enduring and effective works of literature exhibit an artful combination of literary device and aforementioned technique. Without a doubt, George Orwell’s Nineteen Eighty-Four exhibits such a blend of style through characteristics of a dystopian novel and satire. Orwell lived in a time when the spread of communism, mostly unbeknownst to his audience, posed an unimaginable threat to freedom. Therefore, though his novel, he attempted to emphasize the fallacies that would exist in a totalitarian nation-state if people were to accept its lure of equality. However, many argue about how exactly Orwell goes about achieving this; the line of argument divided between satire and a dystopian fictio n. Yet, it’s impossible to be dogmatic when considering this aspect of literature since, as stated above, any piece of literature, most especially works such as Nineteen Eighty-Four, exhibit a mix of literary elements. Upon close inspection though, it becomes possible to understand Orwell’s Nineteen Eighty-Four as a novel with strong satiric elements. By analyzing the presence of novelistic rudiments, such as dystopian plot, characterization, theme, and symbolism, compared to satiric essentials of humor, irony, and subtle criticism, it becomes evident that the effectiveness of Nineteen Eighty-Four derives from the fact that it adheres strongly as a novel with strong satiric elements compared to satire with novelistic elements. It’s important to emphasis tha... ...symbolism employs, it becomes possible to understand Nineteen Eighty-Four as a novel with strong satiric elements. There are different degrees of satire, and this particular work of Orwell the satire, perhaps compared to more blatant criticisms of political theories such as his Animal Farm, is much more subtle. The criticism is less obvious compared to the more foreboding warning presented through the implementation of novelistic elements. Still, some may argue that the exaggerated nature of the work is itself satiric, but one can’t necessarily draw a distinction between that and warning. Thus lies the murkiness that makes works such as Nineteen Eighty-Four effective. Prevalent novelistic elements combined with subtle jabs of satire, in the form of dark humor, criticism, and irony; make this particular work everlasting and truly applicable to any temporal period.

Compare and contrast teachers and administrator Essay

During my interviews I realized that being a teacher or an administrator has its ups and downs to it. The teacher answered her questions as someone who deals and interacts with children every day. The administrator answered his questions as someone who deals with more what’s best for the children with little interaction with them. Knowing what I found out about the two professions I would lean more towards as being a teacher because an administrator has too many responbilieties. There are many things that the teacher and the administrator have in common. First off they both are in education and want to help children grow into adults as the graduate. They both try to help educate the children without offending any religion or beliefs that the children may have. The teacher and the administrator both went to college to get a bachelor and master’s degree in education. They both have the similar reasoning for being in education field. Finally both of them share the love of being around children to help them be the best they can. Teachers and administrator have many things that are different from each other as well. They both have different degrees in education. An administrator has a master’s in business and a teacher has bachelors in science childhood education. The administrator went to college longer than the teacher. The teacher is there to have one on one time with the students if they need to stay for help. The administrator does not really have one on one time with the students they are to help keep students in school and any other problems that might occur. When I interviewed the administrator he was calm and very well spoken and knew a lot about running a school. He did not have any teachers in his family. He got his influence from his college English professor named Body†¦ The greatest benefit he has as an administrator is having the joy of knowing that he is helping educate and keeping children safe. The administrator does live in the same community has the children do? Yes, he believes that living around them will help to understand where the children come from and what kind of students they want to become. When I asked the administrator if he would recommend the education profession to others he said it is not for everyone. But the ones who do have what it takes to be teacher or work with children will have compassion towards them and understand what they want. So I asked myself is becoming a teacher still what I want and â€Å"yes† it is. To teach early childhood education is what I am called to do. I also learned during this interviewing process is that this job takes a lot patience, courage, and strength to help reach and teach students. I want to get to know each child as individual and what kind of goals they want for themselves. I want to help them reach it. I get closer to reaching my goal even though it has not been an easy road. I have had tons of support to do this. I would say being in administrator or a teacher is a great career a lot of responsibilities go with each one but at the end of the day it is worth it all.

Powerful Approach To Teaching Physics Education Essay

In most local schools, structured enquiry, a really controlled attack, is the most prevailing type of enquiry instruction. Guided enquiry on the other manus is a modified construction in which the elaborate stairss on how to look into are non provided. This helps pupils to explicate their ain solutions when work outing the job. Students get critical thought accomplishments during this procedure. Open enquiry may non be suited for secondary degree because of its non-structured attack. Making usage of incompatible events in natural philosophies enquiries, consequences in cognitive struggle that enhances pupils ‘ conceptual apprehension and their attitudes towards critical thought activities ( Fensham & A ; Kass, 1988 ) . Discrepant events are fun to utilize because it creates this cognitive struggle that motivates pupils to believe critically, discuss and seek to explicate the incompatible event. There are many more ways of bring forthing enquiry such as utilizing presentations, prosecuting in hypothesis testing, affecting pupils in making scientific discipline and weaving inquiry-based research lab probe into every lesson. I feel that the burden lies on instructors to assist pupils do advancement from structured to guided enquiry by scaffolding the lesson ab initio. As pupils get better and confident at utilizing enquiry, this aid can bit by bit be removed, taking to guided enquiry. By fiting pupils to understand their milieus, they will be able to use the scientific procedure accomplishments learned in the schoolroom to every country of their lives. Harmonizing to Gardner ( 1983 ) , people express their acquisition in eight different ways. Every pupil has a preferable manner of acquisition and showing themselves. Classs are really diverse, therefore differentiated direction is required to provide to the multiple intelligences of pupils. Teachers must be unambiguously cognizant of the pupils in their schoolrooms every bit good as the content they are presenting ( Tomlinson & A ; McTighe, 2006 ) . Since pupils think really otherwise and larn constructs with assorted grades of success, it is imperative for instructors to happen ways to ease acquisition for everyone. Effective instructional schemes meet the demands of multiple groups of scholars at the same clip. Teaching with assortment can assist relieve ennui, supply more chances to larn and let pupils to believe and larn in their ain ways. Concurrently, this allows chances for instructors to widen students ‘ thought and acquisition repertory. Amongst there may be loath sch olars of natural philosophies who may hold some ability but deficiency motive. This is where differentiated direction might pull their attending and focal point on the topic. I believe that the key to differentiated larning includes working collaboratively with pupils to be after learning attacks so that many different attacks are available, letting pupils select ways that fit them best ( Kottler & A ; Costa, 2009 ) . Everyone additions non merely new information but new ways of larning through different look of thoughts and sentiments. When discoursing hard subjects in natural philosophies, the category can be divided into assorted ability groups. A set of inquiries with different trouble degrees are given to each ability group and pupils are to discourse their solutions to the job. I will name upon weaker pupils to show replies to simpler inquiries and better pupils to show replies to more ambitious inquiries. By using differentiated direction as an instruction tool, everyone learns collaboratively, and assurance can be built when pupils are able to reply the inquiries. Overall, pupils will profit through peer-mediated acquisition. Learning can be thought as roll uping information and apprehension it. It is of class possible to hive away big sums of information in your caput and regurgitate as needed. However, understanding makes productive believing possible ( Moseley et al. , 2005 ) . In natural philosophies, there are many facts and expression to retrieve. Schools have become good at jaming in and proving this sort of information ( Kusukawa and Maclean, 2006 ) . Students are frequently encouraged to memorise facts and expression in order to salvage the fuss of understanding them to the full. However, being able to remember facts and supply the right reply is nil compared to the value of understanding. Teaching for understanding is non easy. Understanding is the procedure of doing mental connexions to fall in spots of cognition into larger units so they make sense to one ( Newton, 2008 ) . Even if a instructor explains natural philosophies good, pupils may non hold grasped the construct because he/she might non understand in the manner a instructor does. As a instructor, we provide them parts of a saber saw and at the same time assist fall in these spots to other saber saw they already possess ( Cerbin, 2000 ) . In my sentiment, developing apprehension of natural philosophies cognitions can be fulfilling and actuating to pupils as it can assist them foretell or explicate new state of affairss. Although some things have to be memorised, we as instructors should promote pupils to construct on their apprehension before memorising the construct. As get downing instructors, we have to bear in head that the twenty-first century demands novel ways of job resolution and critical thought. A bove that, we need to hold the ability to dismantle thoughts and reassemble them. Our present learning methods must be invariably re-evaluated and aligned to the complexnesss of our society by emphasizing â€Å" significance over memorizing, quality over measure and apprehension over consciousness † ( Mintzes, Wandersee and Novak, 1998 ) . Teaching of natural philosophies requires both information and counsel from instructors in order to assist pupils larn. I now realize that there is a profound difference between geting information and gaining true apprehension. As a beginning instructor, I feel that alternatively of merely conveying information through one-way communicating, the instructor should make bipartisan or multi-way exchange, to assist pupils come on on the way to greater understanding. To represent this, I believe that we can do usage of end-of-unit undertakings to measure pupils ‘ apprehension of a peculiar subject by using the relevant natural philosophies constructs to undertake real-world state of affairss or jobs posed to them. Harmonizing to Schon ( 1983 ) , the first measure in looking in front requires one to look back and reflect upon your ain acquisition. It is of import to recognize what learning methods or schemes did or did non work when I was a scholar and interpret this to the same degree when I become a instructor in the current twenty-first century context.