Agriculture and Industrialisation

The topic of agriculture and its role in industrial and urban development has long been studied by economic theoreticians. According to Nam, Dang and Hainsworth (2000), there are three important theoretical schools that have been particularly influential after World War II, and which differ considerably in the ways by which each presents the relationship between agriculture and industry, in regards to the process of industrialisation.These are: â€Å"the role of agriculture in industrialisation†, â€Å"‘big leap’ into industrialisation and urbanisation†, and â€Å"harmonious links in the development process† (Nam, Dang, and Hainsworth, 2000, http://www.idrc.ca/geh/ev-33149-201-1-DO_TOPIC.html).In 1965, John Mellor and Bruce Johnston reported that a successful agricultural sector is an important element in the industrial development and rapid growth rate of a nation’s economy. According to Johnston and Mellor, the five key roles of agriculture are: ·Ã¢â‚¬Å"to supply cheap foodstuffs and raw materials for the urban/industrial sector†; ·Ã¢â‚¬Å"to export farm products to earn foreign exchange which could be used to finance technological and material imports for urban and industrial development†; ·Ã¢â‚¬Å"to release labour to provide the work force for the industrial sector†; ·Ã¢â‚¬Å"to expand the domestic market for industrial products†; and ·Ã¢â‚¬Å"to increase domestic savings to be used to finance industrial expansion† (Nam, Dang, and Hainsworth, 2000, http://www.idrc.ca/geh/ev-33149-201-1-DO_TOPIC.html).Also in 1965, Simon Kuznets verified the role of agriculture in industrialisation by way of commercial transactions.According to Kuznets, the agricultural sector supplies other sectors within and outside the country with products such as â€Å"foodstuffs, industrial raw materials, labour, capital, and markets† that are necessary for industrialisation (Nam, Dang, and Hainsworth, 2000, http://www.idrc.ca/geh/ev-33149-201-1-DO_TOPIC.html).But despite the fact that these authors emphasised the importance of agriculture, their hypotheses also highlighted the need for a restructuring of the national economy, decreasing the share of the agricultural sector in the GDP (gross domestic product) and in the work force, and boosting the industrial sectors.Developmental strategies were usually geared towards the maximum utilisation of agricultural resources to augment industrialisation and urban expansion. In the matter of utilising agriculture to support industrialisation, the existing theories were unable to provide insight into how this can be made possible.La Grande Encyclopedie Francaise stated in 1986 that â€Å"The industrial revolution is accompanied by a general urbanisation and the gradual death of rural civilisation† (Nam, Dang, and Hainsworth, 2000, http://www.idrc.ca/geh/ev-33149-201-1-DO_TOPIC.html).In 1992, Hainworth observed that the conventional economic theories of the West, as established from the development of the UK and other European nations as well as the rapid industrialisation of North America, often places the agricultural sector in the position of â€Å"Cinderella† or slave to the indulgent â€Å"ugly stepsister† demands of industrialisation.In W.W. Rostow’s The Stages of Economic Growth, the author affirms that Western countries have achieved such advanced stages of development that their experience should be emulated by other countries.According to Rostow, the growth of an agricultural sector in an industrialising setting should be carried out concurrently based on four approaches: â€Å"economic, spatial, sociopolitical, and cultural – industrialisation, urbanisation, internationalization, and Westernisation†   (Nam, Dang, and Hainsworth, 2000, http://www.idrc.ca/geh/ev-33149-201-1-DO_TOPIC.html).Somewhat akin to this viewpoint are the opinions of several Western theorists in A Future for European Agriculture. Their theories tended to downplay the role of agriculture in industrialisation. According to them, the agricultural sector in Europe is primarily geared only towards the production of food.Thus, on the road to industrialisation, the only way to preserve economic growth is to considerably trim down the agricultural work force. As a rule, an impartial cutback on the agricultural work force and an augmenting of the industrial and urban-services labour force are expected trends in countries undergoing the process of industrialisation.Nevertheless, it is also important to remember the aforementioned key roles of agriculture. Another vital aspect not to be forgotten is that a country cannot simply make a â€Å"big leap† from being primarily agricultural into instantly becoming industrialised.There are stages between the two that simply cannot be bypassed, as evidenced by the experiences of developing countries in Latin America, Asia, and Afric a. Owing to lack of consideration for the agricultural sectors, there have been instances where the negative ramifications of rapid industrialisation have been felt in some countries.In certain African, Asian, and Latin American nations, the consequences of making a â€Å"leap† towards industrialisation have included widespread shortages in foodstuffs, sudden migrations into urban centres that have led to poverty and overpopulation, and abrupt scarcities in the necessary products for industrialisation.British economist E.F. Schumacher, in his 1973 publication Small is Beautiful, stated that for true economic development to be attained, â€Å"an entirely new system of thought is needed, a system based on attention to people, and not primarily attention to goods† (Nam, Dang, and Hainsworth, 2000, http://www.idrc.ca/geh/ev-33149-201-1-DO_TOPIC.html).He postulated that sufficient attention on the agricultural sector must be paid, especially in developing countries where th e majority of the economy is dependent on agriculture and where the bulk of the work force is in the agricultural profession.

The bear ruled over the land with all his might

Once upon a time there were two spacious lands separated by a great wall. One of the lands had an oppressive and dictatorial bear and the other one was ruled by a greedy and cruel tiger. The bear ruled over the land with all his might and power and did not look after the needs of the red mice in his dominion. The greedy and cruel tiger remained neglectful of the blue mice citizenry.At dawn all the mice, both red and blue, in each land would wake up and start working hard on their lands. You could see the joy and cheer on their faces as they trim the trees and water the plants.At noontime, the mice had the routine job of gathering the finest fruits for their masters—the tiger and the bear. However, it seemed that the tiger and the bear had no feeling of satiety, for every time the mice offered them the finest fruits of their land, the tiger would swiftly glance at the bountiful fruits and look up to the other side of the wall saying, â€Å"I wish I could have what is behind th at wall. I think I deserve more than the fruits of this land.†In the same manner, every time the red mice would offer their bear the fruits of their toil, the bear thought to himself saying, â€Å"I am the mighty bear and mighty bears rule the largest lands.† It did not take very long before the bear approached the great wall and in all curiosity peeped inside a small hole on the wall to see what was behind it. The tiger also approached the wall and saw the bear and his land, which was similar to the tiger’s land.Because of the bear’s covetousness, the land on the other side of the fence looked so alluring and enticing. In all bravado, he beamed, â€Å"This is my land and you all must be under my control.†   Suddenly an old eagle with resonating light and long white wings came from blue sky and said, â€Å"You can not do this to each other.   You scare the mice and disrespect the walls. â€Å"Who cares about the mice?† the bear replied p ointing his hand to all the land saying, â€Å"This is my land.†Ã‚   The tiger roared at the eagle and in an instant scratched and wounded the eagle’s right wing with his sharp long claws.This made the eagle bleed profusely. Suddenly the resonating light vanished and both lands looked so gloomy. The sky turned into red with overcast black shadows as the two leaders broke into a vicious fight. In an instant, both the tiger and bear were locked in each other’s mighty claws, biting and fiercely wrestling each other. They ordered their own mice to fight the other troops and a deadly battle ensued.After the air had cleared, most of the mice on both camps were dead. However, the bear and the tiger were only slightly injured. In the end, the two leaders ruled over their land that stayed weak and beaten with a few mice to lead. This left the tiger and the bear puzzled over what led them to destroy each other’s kingdom instantly in a fit of rage.   

P.O.S essay 2 Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

P.O.S 2 - Essay Example Benefits of the POS System The POS system being online will ensure that all across the Wal-Mat store there will be real and up dated POS solutions. In addition, since the POS system is custom made it will be custom made and thus compatible with most of the programs and hardware, which are to be installed. Furthermore, it will ensure that there is less inventory shrinkage. This is because through POS system it will be easier to keep track of obsolete and damaged inventories. Because of the effectiveness with which customers are served, it will ensure and lead to more customer service efficiency, customer satisfaction and customer retention and loyalty. It will facilitate timely and accurate reports as well as fast and effective analysis of sales date which is paramount to management information for decision-making process. In addition, the online POS software package will offer the advantage of management through remote access i.e. while in different store and while on leave. Moreover , having installed POS system Wal-Mat can easily expand in case of increased customers. This is because it only needs to mount new computers and other relevant hardware to create a new service station. The other minor benefits that Wal-Mat will get by setting up the POS will be prevention of theft, accuracy, and effective inventory management. ... Furthermore, with the retail POS system Wal-Mat will experience potential security risks with regard to software corruption by viruses, credit cards, and debit cards. Moreover, considering that the POS system is custom made, with the software applications used there will be need for regular updates to the system that may be done at an extra cost. POS Contingency Measures Since running of the POS system will be dependent on the electricity for smooth running, implies that in case of power outages the business will stop. These business standstill means loss of revenue, dissatisfaction of customers and under utilization of resources. Wal-Mat to combat electricity failures has bought and installed a diesel driven generator with the capacity to run the POS system for more than 12 hours. In addition, UPS s- uninterruptible power supply - have been fitted on every computer. This is to ensure smooth transition and business continuation while switching to the generator. Wal-mat has also set u p another back-up server computer in another independent location that store up real-time transactions happening in the main business stalls. This is meant to militate against any outages of the POS system in case of fire breakout in the main business area. In addition, after every 1 hr of the normal business hours, it is a requirement that there be a print out of sales receipts for every one hour. This is to ensure that in case of failure of the two back-up servers there can be hardcopy back up to mitigate it. Weakness and Recommendations to POS System Due to the continued high customer satisfaction, there has been an influx of new clients to our business, which has resulted to slower than normal

Research Paper - Can we really trust our goverment , do we really have Essay

Research Paper - Can we really trust our goverment , do we really have privacy - Essay Example Therefore, governments should balance between the privacy protections whilst embracing technology development at the same time. This study focuses on the areas where the governments have failed to address privacy protection and the recommendations to settle the issue. Several studies have proved that, in the current world people cannot trust governments, as they have intruded into their privacy in the name of security until there is nothing confidential. Security is legitimately a matter of individual inner voice. It has a place with each person to choose what he considers a piece of his private life and how much of it he is eager to open to others. When you welcome a companion into your home, when you stroll on the road, when you post something on the Internet, or when you make a financial exchange, you are discharging some data about yourself (Bazelon 587). As it were, social life essentially includes a rupture of security, and it is or ought to be dependent upon every person to select which choice he is ready to make between the benefits of protection and the benefits of social communication. Yielding some social life for protection includes an expense; relinquishing some security keeping in mind the end goal to have to a greater degree, a social life does as well. Eventually, that is a matter for every one of us to choose (Barnes 1-7). As more of our social life appears to be going ahead in the virtual universe of the Internet, this is the sort of central guideline that ought to educate the open deliberation about protection on the web. Typically, this as on such a variety of different issues requires the administration to assume this liability and to settle for the benefit of every one of us (Oneill 1-41). For instance, there have been more assaults on the protection practices of expansive IT organizations, for example, Google and Face book as of late. Governments are examining Google for unintentionally gathering information transmitted to its

Discuss Principles of Teaching and Learning in Relation to a Teaching Essay

Discuss Principles of Teaching and Learning in Relation to a Teaching Session and Reflect on the Experience of Teaching a Studen - Essay Example They help educators to analyze the quality of instruction they deliver to learners and the opportunities they offer to students. People refer to the principles of learning as laws of learning (Amin and Khoo, 2003). This paper covers the various applications of principles of learning that educators apply in the nursing profession. These principles are tremendously vital in the nursing profession. This is because they enable nurses and other professionals with the responsibility of teaching to impart relevant and sufficient material to their respective students. The principles give additional insight on the things that make people learn in the most efficient manner. Scientists have discovered them, tested them, and used them in practical situations and thus making them reliable and applicable in the profession (Killen, 2006). These principles are particularly vital in the nursing profession since they enable teachers and students to reflect on practice. It also supports professional di alogue that is the parties use to strengthen pedagogical practices. Role of the nurse as educator A Nurse educator is a professional person who has undergone advanced educational and clinical training and has spent many years in the healthcare specialty. There are various core skills that strengthen the nursing workforce in the process of providing peer mentorship. These include a combination of a passion for teaching and clinical expertise. These are the specialized skills that differentiate the nurse educator and other clinical professionals. For one to be an excellent clinical educator, a passion for teaching is particularly vital. One should engage in practices that they have an interest in, and this makes the work easy. One should also posses various learning and teaching principles and skills that should guide them in the process of imparting knowledge to other people (Callara, 2008). The nurse educators have a responsibility of designing and evaluating academic programs for c linical staff and the nurses. Having worked in the profession for a long period, they have the necessary and appropriate experience that they have gathered to make decisions concerning what should be taught to clinical staff. They are aware of the changes that should be made to make the professionals improve their skills and expertise significantly. They alter various educational programs that include degrees, certificates, and other informal, continuing educational programs so that they can meet various individual learning needs (Georgii, 2011). In the world today, people expect the nurse educators to redefine the learning process for better work-flow and outcomes of various educational systems. This will make sure that the educational system is in line with the diverse and ever-changing environment of healthcare. Through this, they will sufficiently guide patients and students through the process of learning (Killen, 2006). Nurses have a role of imparting new computer technologies to their preceptors and patients. The nurse educators serve the teaching role in community health and schools education events. With advancement in technology, the nurse educators play an extraordinarily vital role in ensuring the community is conversant with the emerging technological advancements. The nurses who have gathered

Human Resource Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Human Resource - Essay Example Employees who aspire for status will work hard towards getting the company car and this will be very beneficial for the organization. This paper will comprehensively analyze whether a company should add direct compensation or not when employees undervalue the cost of benefits. â€Å"Employee benefits typically refers to retirement plans, health life insurance, life insurance, disability insurance, vacation, employee stock ownership plans, etc. Benefits are increasingly expensive for businesses to provide to employees, so the range and options of benefits are changing rapidly to include, for example, flexible benefit plans.† (Direct and Indirect Compensation) Maternity leave, vacation pay and holiday pay are some of the best examples of benefits, there are two types of benefits namely tangible benefits and intangible benefits, the above examples are all tangible benefits, some of the intangible benefits include appreciation, working in a good working environment, likelihood of promotion and so on. Employees crave for fringe benefits, fringe benefits mainly refer to tangible benefits, tangible benefits are generally believed to be better than intangible benefits. ... Variable pay mainly depends on the performance of an employee in his role, when an employee performs well, he is rewarded with incentive pay and bonus pay come the end of the year, and this is a fine example of variable pay. Benefits play a pivotal role in retaining employees; benefits can also increase the job satisfaction amongst employees. Employees start working harder in order to get these benefits that an organization offers, this increases the overall productivity of the organization and the goals are easily achieved. â€Å"Employee benefits are an important part of any company’s offering to their prospective or existing staff. There can be numerous advantages to establishing an employee benefits scheme, not only for the employee, who can receive useful non-cash benefits in addition to, or in place of, part of their salary, but also for employers, who can bulk out their salary offering with additional benefits to their staff.† (Advantages of Benefits) Direct and Indirect Compensation It is very important to understand the difference between direct and indirect compensation, many employees fail to value indirect compensation and as a result of which quit an organization. Direct compensation is the salary or the wages given to the employees, indirect compensation refers to the non-monetary benefits provided to the employees, facilities like hospitalization, overtime policy and so on fall under non-monetary benefits. Here is a diagram which would throw more light upon the same. Indirect-Compensation (2011) â€Å"Today the compensation systems are designed aligned to the business goals and strategies. The employees are expected to work and take their own decisions. Authority is being delegated. Employees

Advertising and Branding Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Advertising and Branding - Essay Example In Britain, the opposition of advertisements to the law has been related to their negative effects on health; in this context, advertisements that promote tobacco or unhealthy eating habits have been set under investigation (Lancaster and Lancaster 2003, Harrison and Cantor 1997, in Hargrave and Livingstone 215, 216). The process through which the content of advertisements in Britain is checked is clearly described in the relevant laws – including the rules of the Advertising Standards Authority, the authority that holds the responsibility for the alignment of advertisements with the law. It should be noted that the specific process is not related to particular political trends or beliefs; rather, it operates independently; this view is verified by the fact that the relevant efforts have been supported – since their first appearance in Britain - by the Labour and the Conservatives (Paulu 69); no differentiation has been identified in the willingness of the above parties to control the violation by advertisements of the local laws. In order to understand the process through which advertisements in UK are controlled for their content, it would be necessary to refer primarily to the laws used for the regulation of the particular activity. At a first level, it should be made clear that the opposition of the content of advertisements to the existing laws is considered as a violation of the relevant laws; this is a rule applicable on all advertisements – no matter if they are published in Britain or in the EU territory. In the last case, however, there is a power of the appropriate European authorities – referring to the European Standards Advertising Alliance – to intervene (Chissick and Kelman 246). This perspective needs to be mentioned in this paper, since Britain is a member of the European Union. Moreover, it should be made clear that in the context of European Union territory the content of advertisements is controlled using the ‘International Chamber of Commerce’s Code of Advertising Practice’ (Chissick and Kelman 246). This means that in Britain also, the potential use of the above legislative text cannot be rejected; however, the local laws regulating Advertising should be primarily used – reference would be made to the above legislative framework if the judges of the national courts consider such initiative as necessary. On the other hand, in a relevant report of the House of Lords it is noted that the European legal framework related to Advertising is not of particular value for the British market, since the national law on the specific field address all aspects of the specific activity, i.e. there are no gaps to be filled by the European legislation (Parliament, House of Lords 157). However, the above laws (European laws on Advertising) would be particularly valuable in the case of advertising developed in the context of electronic commerce – which is not limited in terms of boundaries. As for the British legal framework in regard to advertising, this is mainly consisted by the Advertising Codes – the ‘UK Code of Broadcast Advertising and the UK Code of Non-Broadcast Advertising, Sales Promotion and Direct Marketing’ (ASA organization, website, Advertising Codes). It should be noted that the ‘ Committee of Advertising Practice and the Broadcast Committee of Advertising Practice’ (ASA organization, website, Advertising Codes) have the responsibility for the development and the monitoring of the above Codes. The complaints related to the content of advertisements in Britain are investigated following a specific process – as set in the laws mentioned above. The Advertising

Business and marketing Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Business and marketing - Assignment Example The company has a strong record of delivering project solutions to different clients across the globe and it can work alongside the customers to identify the key challenges, then develop and implement effective project management plans that are designed to meet customer expectations. The other important site in dealing with project management is operated by Ants project Management Consultants available at accessed November 18, 2012. According to information obtained from the above mentioned website, the benefits of using this service include the following: â€Å"improved efficiency and increased profitability through better utilization of limited resources - enhanced planning, scheduling and cost control - leading to more consistent achievement of milestones, goals and objectives - better horizontal communications.† Ideally, this is what Projects4Technology is looking for. This plan is very important since it provides the framework upon which all work will be carried. This kind of work has to go stage by stage so as to ensure that all the necessary information has been incorporated in the project document. Basically, a virtual organisation is a network of independent organisations linked together by information technology (IT) and it does not operate from a fixed place since all work is done through the internet (Haag, Cummings & Dawkins, 2000). Besides the challenges that are likely to be encountered if the company adopts a virtual structure, it can be noted that the advantages of this structure outweigh the disadvantages. For instance, the company will save $450  000 each month for office rentals. The company will also save $200  000 of transport costs every month. This improves its viability since it will be in a position to lower its operational costs. The other advantage is that the internet is ubiquitous and it can be accessed from any place which

System Dynamic Modeling Methodology Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

System Dynamic Modeling Methodology - Essay Example System dynamics is the study and application of how the system works and how it could be improved upon and made more efficient. From the management point of view, system dynamics is an indispensable tool without which any attempt at effective decision making is fraught with grave risks and danger to the enterprise. Even so, decisions based on meticulous implementation of system dynamics are no guarantee for sure success, although they may help to some extent in maintaining the status quo after thorough trial and testing. As an aid to decision making, system dynamics has no alternative. It monopolizes the entire realm of factors, utilities, activities, tools, elements, and even incentives and motivations that go into the outcome of a single product. It is the root from which the management could hope to draw the fruits, and the pruning from which better growth could be ensured [1]. The origins of system dynamics encompass the entire management hierarchy. It is a process which is as much relevant on the shop floor as it is at the highest management level. The theory of system dynamics is based on certain assumptions relevant to the creation and operation of the system that runs the enterprise. The guiding principles for the management of the ecosystem are interlinked with those of the manufacturing units and global warming issues. Each of these is crucially linked to the other and their successful coordination is essential in order to curtail harmful greenhouse effects and preserve life and natural resources. The modalities for coordinating multipurpose system dynamics are based on the observation and studies of several disciplines of both natural and manmade order. Ecosystems and ecological processes related to hydrology, hydrochemistry, hydrobiology, water bodies, thermodynamics, environmental geography, mathematics and statistics covering ecosystems and ecology, industrial statistics, waste and pollution management statistics and approaches to information systems and operations research are some of the important features that assume prominence in development of system dynamics modeling methodology. It is necessary to ensure the components comprising each system evaluation does not overlap with different disciplines, or even if they do they do not present distorted but precise information in keeping with the identity of the factor or factors the component of the system is tracking. For instance, if there is a single chemical compound contaminating a water body then the component of the system tracking it should be the same for the source of the chemical compound, its course and its final destination. [2] Advantage/disadvantage (limitation of the method) System dynamics provides constant feedback on the basis of which decisions can be taken and corrective measures applied. Indeed, the utility and scope of the system dynamics rests on its ability to provide information for deciding on the subsequent course of action. Corporate policies and decisions through appropriate use of quantitative analysis and selection of right information could result in better chances of success. One of the major problems with the system is that the

How Religions Impact Food Practices of the Followers Research Paper

How Religions Impact Food Practices of the Followers - Research Paper Example The author of the paper tells that Muslims generally follow the Koran which has laid down a number of rules concerning food but within Islam itself, there are many different sects that observe dietary rules depending upon the degree of orthodoxy. The Koran permits that only animals with a cloven hoof can be consumed. According to this, pigs, carnivorous animals, and birds, except chicken are forbidden. The law also states that animals have to be slaughtered in a ritualistic manner by making an incision at the jugular vein and draining the blood. This slaughter has to be accompanied by prayers so that the meat becomes legitimate (halal) for consumption. Otherwise, food is prohibited (haram). A prayer during slaughter is to acknowledge that life is sacred and one must kill only with God’s permission. Prohibited foods include pork and pork-derived foods, including lard and bacon. Meat that is halal must have the blood drained from it and must be slaughtered in a humane fashion. S ome Muslims eat kosher products because the dietary laws are similar to the Jewish dietary laws. Utensils have to be clean an uncontaminated by haram substances. Shellfish or sharks are not permitted because only fish with scales are permitted for consumption. Alcohol is totally permitted. During the month of Ramadan, which is the fasting month, except young children or very old or ill, have to fast from sunrise to sunset, without any food or drink. Pregnant, lactating women and menstruating women are exempted for the time being but have to make it up sometime during the year.

The Changing Role of Human resource management Essay Example for Free

The Changing Role of Human resource management Essay For years, businesses relied on personnel departments for the management of their employees. The primary concerns of the personnel departments included attendance records, benefits, and salary. Therefore, the personnel departments did not consider the importance of contributions a company’s employees made to the business. These contributions included such things as diversity and intellectual capital. As businesses began to expand globally, they began realizing the importance of their human resources. Thus the concept of Human Resources (HR) management began to emerge as an outgrowth of the personnel departments. According to the week one overview, companies depend on their human resources departments to manage and provide for the organization’s needs through the use of their human assets. These assets include the business partners, community, customers, employees, and stakeholders of the company (University of Phoenix, 2010). The purpose of this paper is to discuss the various responses by human resources management to (a) globalization, (b) technology, (c) diversity, (d) e-business, and (e) ethics. To begin with, a definition of human resources management is in order. Definition of Human Resources (HR) Management According to Noe, Hollenbeck, Gerhart, and Wright (2007), a definition of HR management is the company’s guidelines, procedures, and structures that directly influence their employee’s actions, conduct, outlook, mindsets, and job performances. Modern companies consider human resources management to be good practice regarding the optimum use of their employees’ intellectual capital, including the skills and expertise these employees bring to the company, and work to ensure their human resources managers understand this (Noe, Hollenbeck, Gerhart, Wright, 2007). Response to Globalization As businesses enter the global market, they are beginning to realize the importance of HR management in such areas as change management, setting goals and objectives, recognizing employee skills, and working with diverse groups. According to a report released in 2000, for a corporation to develop a culture that is consistent the corporation must establish and preserve a â€Å"critical balance between a strong corporate culture and local cultural differences† (Rioux, Bernthal, Wellins, 2000, p. 1). The report went on to state â€Å"the globalization of HR is characterized by increasing levels of decentralization† (Rioux et al. 2000, p. 1). As a result, companies are placing their HR departments, including those in the global market, into more centralized areas containing one HR department and a regional or international staff. Because of this centralization, HR managers need to recognize differences among employees regarding areas such as culture, ethnicity, and religion. Response to Technology HR managers need to recognize that because of advances in technology, businesses are beginning to hire employees to work in areas that require higher education and special training including engineering, manufacturing, and quality management. To respond effectively, HR managers must develop and encourage the creativity and innovation these highly trained employees bring to their organizations. To accomplish this may mean HR managers need to improve the communication process, develop new and improved programs for continuing education, and realign staff (Bundy, 1997). Response to Diversity Among the challenges facing businesses today is an increasingly diverse workforce. As more minorities enter the labor market, HR managers are beginning to realize they have the responsibility of ensuring these minorities they do not become victims of discrimination. HR managers must learn to recognize and use their employees’ intellectual capital, including the abilities, expertise, and ethical values, these employees contribute to the workforce. A good HR manager will respect people of different cultures, ethnicities, and gender. According to Noe, Hollenbeck, Gerhart, and Wright (2007) more businesses in the United States are beginning to realize they need to acknowledge and recognize the diversity of their employees and use this diversity in ways that will allow them to gain advantages over their competition (Noe et al. , 2007). Response to e-Business Individuals and organizations are beginning to recognize the importance of the Internet in conducting business. As a result, e-business is becoming more prevalent. The book defines electronic business or e-business as â€Å"any process that a business conducts electronically, especially business involving use of the Internet† (Noe et al. , 2007, p. 50). E-business allows consumers to purchase items using the Internet or conduct banking transactions, companies to conduct transactions with each other, and consumers to conduct transactions among themselves such as auctions. Because of the increasing use of the Internet to conduct business, HR managers find themselves faced with several challenges. These challenges include ensuring the company is continually updating their employee requirements regarding such things as ability and competence. HR managers must recruit and train people to meet those requirements. Response to Ethics Businesses need to ensure the people they hire to work in and manage their HR departments behave ethically. The definition of ethics is the â€Å"fundamental principles of right and wrong† (Noe et al. 2007, p. 17). HR managers must ensure their behavior is always ethical and the company’s employees also behave ethically. HR managers need to implement training programs that teach employees how to behave ethically in the workplace. For example, HR managers need to recognize that people have certain basic rights including the right to refuse to engage in activities that violate their morals (Noe et al. , 2007). Conclusion Over the years the role of HR management has undergone several changes. The human resources department is no longer just a personnel department concerned merely with attendance records, benefits, and salary. Instead, HR managers find they are becoming more involved in every department of the business. Companies are beginning to recognize that good HR managers are very important to the continuing success of their businesses. Therefore, HR managers need to ensure they have expertise in areas such as globalization, technology, diversity, e-business, and ethics.

SWOT Analysis of Patient Services in a Hospital

SWOT Analysis of Patient Services in a Hospital SWOT ANALYSIS PATIENT AFFAIRS OFFICE/ CUSTOMER SERVICES: Patient affairs office provides service to patients. Its job is to assist customers regarding anything they need to make sure that they are satisfied with the service they are provided. The staff of customer services in a hospital should be polite and friendly to the patients and must be provided adequate training as customer service depicts the culture of any organization/hospital. Strengths: In my time working at the hospital, I found that the patient’s affair office had a few employees who had very good communication skills. Due to which they were able to talk to patients and solve their problems and concerns effectively. They dealt with patients of different moods and were able to help them in one way or another. All the employees in customer services had the capability and temperament of working in a team to solve various problems of patients. They were able to communicate well with other employees of the same department as well as of other departments which enabled in building an environment that was healthy. Weaknesses: Although some employees in customer services had good communication skills, but I also saw those employees who were not able to deal with customers and whenever a patient made complaint, they had to look at their colleagues for answers. Due to this, patients had to wait which increased their bad experience of any type with the hospital. There was also a lack of decision making in the patient affairs office. Whenever a situation was raised where patients asked for favors or discounts, customer services representatives had to keep them on hold to ask other senior employees which again kept patients waiting. A lack of following up on the problem was another weakness that I found. When a representative solved a patient’s problem, he/she never attempts to get feedback from the patient. Opportunities: Hospital must provide adequate training to the employees of patient affairs office to enhance their communication skills and for polishing all the other required skills for this job. They can even hire new employees who fulfill their requirement. Threats: Many new hospitals are built now which are giving tough competition to attract more patients by asking patients for feedback from time to time and are actually using that feedback for improving themselves. The best patient affair representative is getting job offers from various other hospitals which is a major threat as he is very skilled and is able to tackle with customers easily without disappointing them. Conclusion: Hospital has various strengths in the patients affair office, all it needs is to hire good trainers for the representatives over there and polish their skills to deal with customers in a better way which will reduce the weakness of the hospital. At the same time, they need to capitalize on the opportunity available and remove the threats they are facing. Hospital must take feedback from patients from time to time and bring required improvements and also they need to provide their employees in the customer services good incentives and reward to retain them with the hospital. EMERGENCY DEPARTMENT: It is a department in the hospital who provides treatments and facilities to patients who are in critical condition or who require immediate assistance. The nature of emergency department is so unplanned that it must be prepared at all times along with specialized doctors in all fields to deal with injuries ranging from basic ones to severe ones. Emergency departments operate 24 hours in a day. Strengths: The hospital had all type of machines and equipments available for dealing with patients in the emergency department. Weaknesses: There was often a shortage of staff in the emergency after 12 a.m. which caused problems for patients. There is also a problem of slow service. Another weakness is that sometimes the emergency room is not clean and smells bad. Apart from this, although the hospital has all the required equipments available but most of them are outdated and are not kept in an order. Due to which it often happened that at the time of emergency, it was difficult to find the required machine. Opportunities: Hospital can do partnership with the best medical school as after that students will assist the hospital and will be available for patients 24 hours specially at times when other staff is not available, which will be beneficial for both patient and student. There are grants of government available for the hospital, it can take them and utilize them for the benefit of the emergency room by improving the condition of it. grants will help in solving financial problems and will enable the hospital to buy and keep latest machines to better assist patients in case of emergency. Threats: Hospital is losing doctors because of retirement due to which there is a shortage of doctors in the emergency department. This has caused various problems and thus hospital is losing patients especially in the emergency department to other hospitals with excellent emergency departments. Conclusion: Hospital must reduce its weaknesses as other hospitals are taking advantage of that by providing patients with better service in the emergency department. It must hire more staff in the emergency department for keeping it clean or if it cannot hire then it must raise the salary of existing staff so they perform their duties efficiently. It must also capitalize on the opportunity available to it by doing partnership with medical school and also by accepting the grants by government, which will help the hospital in investing more in the emergency department. It must also place advertisements for doctors to reduce the problem of less doctors in the hospital as this way there will doctors available in the emergency department as well. Complaints Office Is an office which deals with complains of patients and is responsible for getting their feedback. They are responsible for keeping patients in the hospital satisfied by solving their problems and thus not giving them a chance to complain. The duties of this office are critical as form time to time they have to deal with customers with bad moods; they have to tolerate them at their worst which requires a lot of patience. Its necessary for the complaints office to have solution for all the patients or else they will just lose patients. They also need to report complains of patients to senior managers to keep them updated on the condition of the hospital. This way senior manager will be able to take actions that are beyond the complaints office to keep their patients satisfied with the service they are getting. Strengths: The employees in the complaints office are available to patients at all times and solve their queries as much as they can. The complaints office of the hospital has an excellent system of recording all complains of patients on a computer which is available for all the staff of hospital to view. This keeps everyone informed about the issues that should be solved. Weaknesses: The employees at the complaints office lack patience and they often are unable to solve their issues. Sometimes when a patient makes a complaint they listen to them but never takes any action which increases the level of dissatisfaction of patients with the hospital. Opportunities: Hospital can hire a specialist for giving training to its employees as to how to deal with patients with bad moods. They can even hire employees who are specialists in human behavior so they know the required solution depending on the mood of patients. Threats: Other hospitals have more specialized complaints offices due to which they dint give a chance to their patients of complains. So patients prefer other hospitals compared to this which is significantly affecting the growth. Competition is a major threat that the hospital is facing in almost all its departments. Conclusion: Hospital needs to hire good employees and experts of human resources in the complaints office to deal with patients more effectively. They also need to polish the skills of existing employees in the complaints office. Hospital needs to overcome its weaknesses in the complaints office as it is in direct contact with patients at all times and is responsible for solving their problems. Although employees here have got free right to make any necessary decision depending on the situation but since most of them lack patience, they are unable to talk to customers politely. Referrals Office Referrals basically help keeping doctors track of the care that their patients are getting ti make sure that provided care is right for that particular patient. Request for a referral is usually made by the primary clinician when he/she comes to the conclusion that services that a patient requires are not available at the hospital. So referrals office processes these appointments with specialists for the clinicians. The responsibilities of a referral office are to service the appointment with specialists and to keep the clinician updated about the dates and time of appointment. Strengths: The referrals office at the hospital is highly trained and has contacts with many specialists in various fields which enable them to be of service to patients of ant type of problems ranging from small to big ones. Weaknesses: The number of people in the referrals office is less compared to require as there are sometimes delay in making appointments to the specialists which annoys patients as no one likes to wait. Secondly, the appointments that patients get are late and they often have to wait for a month or two to visit the specialist which is not acceptable in situations or cases that require immediate attention. Opportunities: There are various referrals programs available to improve the existing referrals in the hospital so it can take one of them to reduce the inefficiencies. The steps for making a referral program include: First, make a timeline for the program of referral and record the changes it bring to the referrals office to be better aware of the benefits of the program and also to make sure that it’s actually working. Second, keep getting feedback of referrals from the patient to make a list of specialists who actually helped the patients to recommend such specialists further. Also. This will help referrals office in knowing that with which specialist they need to build a better relation. Offer your gratitude to specialists that you are referring to your patients so that they are satisfied with the hospital and are willing to accept future patients. Threats: The threats faced by the referrals office include the referrals office of other hospitals who try giving better service to the specialists that they refer to their patients on behalf of clinicians. Some of these hospitals are old and some are new which are giving intense competition to this hospital. Conclusion: the referrals office should use its strength to get the best specialists appointment for their patients to make sure that they get the best service. They must try to reduce their weakness by hiring more employees in the referrals office and also by trying to get the appointment as quickly as possible especially in cases where the illness is severe. they must capitalize on the opportunity available to them by introducing a referrals program to better train themselves for this job which will help in retaining patients as they will be satisfied by the service provided to them by the referrals office. They must try to come up with strategies and ways of dealing with the competition that they are facing from other hospitals. Ward Administrative Ward: it is the ward that is responsible for administrating the wards in the hospital. Every hospital has various wards and thus the responsibilities of a ward administrative are huge. Employees in the ward administrative units need to coordinate and mange the wards and they also need to supervise it from time to time to make sure that they are up to the mark. Other responsibilities of a ward administrative ward includes establishing policies and plans to be followed, making sure that the best service is being provided, maintaining the infrastructure to make sure that all the facilities are provided to the public and getting feedback from patients to bring improvement if there is a lacking. Strengths: Employees at the ward administrative office of the hospital are providing a good service to the hospital. The wards of the hospital are neat and clean at all times and almost everyone is trained and knows his/her duties. Weaknesses: The employees at the ward administrative ward never come up with plans or ideas for providing even better service than they are providing now. Although they are providing a good service but they lack a need of making policies which everyone could follow. And also the infrastructure available at the hospital is old and need to be replaced. The wards of the hospital are old fashioned and they need to have some work done. Opportunities: Hospital can hire a good architect for solving the issue with the wards and giving it a design that is attractive for patients. The infrastructure of a hospital matters a lot and an attractive hospital attracts more patients. Threats: The threat is same as for other departments, competition. Many new hospitals have been formed with attractive designs and extraordinary architect that attracts the patients. Although the purpose of a hospital is to solve the problems of patients but building and other infrastructure also matters. Conclusion: the ward administrative ward is fulfilling its duties effectively but there are a few lackings here that need to be focused. Firstly, they need to make sure that all wards have latest infrastructure and are presentable to the patients because as discussed earlier, it matter a lot for patients to go in hospitals that provide good services in all ways.

Rogers Communications Analysis

Rogers Communications Analysis Currently Rogers has competition with companies like Bell Canada, TELUS and Shaw Communications. There are also new providers in the industry that are offering products and services at low prices. Rogers is a company that has the best technology in comparison of other providers. It is the only company that operates on both GSM and HSPA technology. 1Rogers operates in three areas. The first one is Wireless, which includes wireless voice and data communications services. Rogers is Canadas largest wireless provider. The second one is Cable. Rogers is one of Canadas largest providers of cable television services as well as high-speed Internet access, telephony services and video retailing. The third and the last one is media, which includes radio and television broadcasting, televised shopping, magazines and trade publications, and sports entertainment. Its backbone is its distribution channels, which includes 3,600 Rogers-owned, dealers and retail outlets. Rogers provides valuable customer services to its customers. Its goal is to maximize its subscribers and become the best communication and media provider. There are 70 subscribers out of 100 (2010) in comparison of 25 per 100 (2000). Furthermore,  [2]  in the time of recession, Telecom industry is one of the industries that have been able to survive and make profit margins. Thus, Telecom industry is an industry where consumers go first which means that consumers would reduce their spending on other goods and services in comparison of telecom services. Therefore, if Rogers has brand image and the market is full of opportunities then why let new entrants capture the market share. The second issue that Rogers face is regarding its financial position. If we see the table below, companys sales growth in 2007 was 14.54% and cost of goods sold was $961 million. In 2008, sales growth reduced to 11.97% but cost of goods sold was more ($1303 million). If we see the last year that is 2009, sales growth was just 3.49% and cost of goods sold was $1380 million. This concludes that, if sales growth has been decreasing every year, cost of goods sold has not been decreasing with proportionate to sales growth. In other words, profit margin has been decreasing and companys operation is not able to increase its sales growth and minimize its cost of goods sold. Morever, if we see the debt to equity ratio, it is increasing every year. In 2007, it was 1:2.3. In 2008, it was 1:2.61 and in 2009 it was 1:2.98. This concludes that Rogers is using a lot of debt to finance its operations. But on the other side, Rogers has good return on assets of 8.67% in 2009 in comparison of 6.18% in 2008, which means Rogers is earning more money on less investment this year. In order to overcome current challenges, Rogers should use overall low cost provider strategy. Rogers should apply this strategy to solve its business and financial issues. The advantages of this strategy are customer satisfaction, moving towards its rivals, prevail market conditions and strengthen its market position. What else can Rogers do to maintain its market share and presence? Rogers can include features and services in packages that are essential to its consumers. It can find ways to achieve competitive advantage that would be hard for the current rivals and new entrants to match. Though the industry did have the slowest growth in 2009 from 2000, the analysis shows that there is a lot of room to grow. When Rogers would use lower pricing for its products and services then there would be less competition and more accessibility to local market that would increase its sales and revenues. By doing this, Rogers is completing its mission strategy, which is to add great value to its customers lives by offering new and reachable products and services. When companies raise prices of their products and services, they dont realize that by doing this they are far away from their customers but new entrants are putting themselves in their customers shoes. In other words, they are thinking like their customers. This is what Rogerss strategy should be, to think like its customers and add value to their lives. If Rogers would think like its customers then there would be brand loyalty and there is less risk of loosing its market share and presence. If customers would feel that Rogers has understood them, then they would definitely contract with Rogers. This would lead to Rogers implementing its financial strategy, which is to maximize profit and return on investments. In regards to reducing Rogerss cost of goods sold, Rogers should invest more money on new technologies to improve its companys operations. This would decrease its cost of goods sold and increase business efficiency. In addition, Rogers can outsource some of its operations as it has been doing with its physical IT infrastructure. Rogers has been outsourcing its physical IT infrastructure to IBM to make capital expenditure efficiencies. Rogers can do the same with some of its operations but one thing to consider is that Rogers should have strict quality standards for its products and services while outsourcing. Furthermore, cost of goods sold increases when there are high designs or services that is neither seen nor valued by customers. Rogers can simplify its products and services and reduce cost of goods sold. In conclusion, Rogers, to become the best telecom company in Canada should apply all the recommendations above. This would help Rogers to increase its subscribers and reduce its cost of goods sold. A) INDUSTRY INFORMATION: 1. What are the Industrys Dominant Economic Features? Market Size   [3]  In 2010, there are 70 wireless subscriptions for every 100 Canadians in comparison of 25 wireless subscriptions per 100 in 2000. Market Growth Rate (Product Life Cycle) Maturity. There is competition between different companies. Growth Cycle   [4]  Real gross domestic production increased from $25,559 million in 2007 to 26,775 million in 2009.   [5]  2009 and 2010 are the slowest years of production growth in two decades. Scope of Rivalry   [6]  Low barriers of entry. New entrants are providing same services that big players do at low prices. Type of Distribution Channels   [7]  Dealers, retail outlets and advertisement. Pace of technological change   [8]  Internet connection giving access to television entertainment. Level of Product Differentiation -Low. All companies offer same products or services. Ease of Entry Exit   [9]  Low barriers of entry due to deregulation of telecommunications service providers and advancement in telecommunication system. Industry Profitability   [10]  Profit margin has decreased to 12.8% in 2009 from 13 % in 2007. Summary- Telecommunication Industrys market size and real gross domestic production has increased but profit margin has decreased. There are low barriers of entry but competition is high. 2. Competitive Analysis Summary The 5 Forces Model The Rivalry among competing sellers in the Industry Intense. Companies try to attract customers with more discounts, promotions and benefits in comparison of their competitors. Firms in other industries offering substitute products Weak. Customers have no option or substitute for services offered by companies in telecommunication industry. The potential entry of new competitors -Weak. Low barriers of entry  [11]  due to deregulation of telecommunications service providers and advance in telecommunication system. Entrants enter the market but do not survive unless they offer low prices because companies ruling in telecommunication industry have brand equity and customer loyalty. The bargaining power of suppliers   [12]  Weak. Small Internet resellers get a very small share of the market, and their share has been declining in recent years. The bargaining power of buyers -Moderate. There are not many companies that offer all the products and services but still customers switch to rivals when they offer huge discounts and promotions. Summary- Suppliers share has been decreasing. There are no substitutes and buyers have very less options. There are low barriers of entry but competition is high too. 3.Drivers of Change Industry Growth Rate   [13]  Real gross domestic production increased from $25,559 million in 2007 to 26,775 million in 2009. Product Innovation   [14]  Smartphone, high speed Internet and digital TV. Technology Change   [15]  Fiber optics, improved computer technology and the Internet. Regulatory/Government Influence   [16]  Business rules are regularly changing which is giving small Internet providers access to the large companies networks. Summary- The main driver of change is the new technology introduced every time that excites customer to purchase products and services. 4.Competitive Position Quality of Services and Network Less More Few Many Coverage Who is favorably/ unfavorably positioned why? -Bell Canada occupies the most favorable position among the rivals because of being first Canadian telecom company and occupying more coverage. The closest competitor to Bell Canada is Rogers that offers large variety of products and services and has a wide geographical presence in the market of telecommunication industry.   Ãƒâ€šÃ‚   5.Key Success Factors Technology Related   [17]  HSPA+ 21 Mbps wireless network and DOCSIS-3.0 50 Mbps high-speed Internet service. Organizational Capability   [18]  Knowledgeable staff that would develop newer, better, and faster ways to deliver what customers want, while also delivering attractive returns for shareholders. Distribution Channel   [19]  Diversified distribution channels such as dealers, retail outlets and advertisement. Other -Brand image. Widely recognized and accepted by customers. Summary- Key success factors in telecommunication industry are technology, well-trained staff, distribution channels and brand image. 6.Industry Attractiveness -The industry is at maturity level. There is a lot of room to grow and profits are high. Whenever, new technology is introduced, customer demand increases. Low barriers of entry makes it easy for new entrants to enter the industry but it is hard to survive unless they offer low prices because there are big players in the industry. There are no substitutes. Competition is intense as companies try to attract customers with more discounts, promotions and benefits in comparison of their competitors. B) COMPANY RESOURCES: AN INTERNAL ASSESSMENT 1. The Strategic-Making Process Vision Statement stated/implied   [20]  To grow in the business while taking care of corporate social responsibility. Mission Statement   [21]  To add great value to customers lives by offering new and reachable products and services. Strategic Objectives Business Maximize the number of subscribers and become Canadas best communication and media provider. Organizational   [22]  Achieve highest standards of business conduct among all employees. Financial Maximize profit and return on investments. Current Strategy-  [23]  Launched Long Term Evolution (LTE) so that customers can anywhere, anytime access to information, communications and entertainment. Strategic Performance Indicators Qualitative Measures-   [24]  High-quality network coverage. -Customer satisfaction. HSPA+ 21 Mbps wireless network and DOCSIS-3.0 50 Mbps high-speed Internet service. Quantitative Measures-   [25]  7% growth rate in Wireless Network and Cable Operations businesses in 2009.   [26]  1.5 million Smartphone customers in 2009. 2. Financial Analysis Conclusion- The Company has issue with its cost of goods sold. Comparing all years, sales growth is decreasing but cost of goods sold is increasing .If this continues then soon the company would loose its financial well -being. Therefore, the company should increase its sales growth but decrease its cost of goods sold. High debt to equity ratio indicates that the company is using a lot of debt to finance operations, which might be reason for company to have more earnings than it would have without debt. Rogers have 1: 2.98 in 2009.  [27]  Rogers has also generated a 29% increase in free cash flow growth in 2009. Return on assets provides information on how effectively company is utilizing its money to convert it into sales. Rogers has good return on assets of 8.67% in 2009 in comparison of 6.18% in 2008, which means Rogers is earning more money on less investment this year. In total asset turnover, the figure indicates how much is generated in sales from every dollar worth of assets. Rogers has 68.80% in 2009 in comparison of 69.9% in 2008.This means that Rogers has been less efficient at using its assets in generating sales this year. In current ratio, the conclusions cannot be drawn before considering other factors. However, when the current ratio is higher than 1, it is normally considered acceptable. It indicates how quickly current assets can be turned into cash. Rogers is in less good position by having 1:0.80 in 2009 in comparison of 1:0.84 last year. 3. The Company Value Chain Operations   [28]  Rogers is the only one operating on both GSM and HSPA technology.   [29]  Outsources its physical IT infrastructure to IBM to make capital expenditure efficiencies. Distribution   [30]  Powerful national product distribution network consisting of more than 3,600 Rogers-owned, dealer and retail outlets. Sales and Marketing   [31]  Activated 1.5 million Smartphone customers. Service   [32]  Created a dedicated team who would engage with customers looking for help in online forums and micro blogs.   [33]  Created the Rogers Customer Commitment to help customers understand what they can expect when they contract with Rogers. Summary- Rogers have the best technology, outsource, distribution network and customer service that makes its way to success. 4.Competitive Strength Assessment Model 5-8 KSFs weighted Conclusion- Bell and Rogers have close competition. TELUS and Shaw are behind Rogers. Bell has 10 rating for reputation image because of being the oldest and trusted company in Canada. Rogers is trying its best to grab Bells market presence and has been successful in doing that. In terms of technology, Rogers has 10 rating because it is the only one operating on both GSM and HSPA technology. 5. SWOT Analysis Internal (S)trengths -Brand recognition.   [34]  Powerful national product distribution network.   [35]  Dedicated team for customers. (W)eaknesses -Internal inefficiency that increased cost of goods sold. -Dependent on debt. External (T)hreats -Bell, TELUS and Shaw Communications.   [36]  New entrants are entering the market. (O)pportunities   [37]  Attract new clients.   [38]  $900 million total principal amount of 4.70% Senior Notes due in 2020. Summary- Rogers has internal strength in its brand recognition and distribution channels. Its weakness lies on increased cost of goods sold and debt. Competition is intense with current rivals and new entrants. Opportunities are bright with new and existing customers. 6. Strategic Issues that merit Managerial Attention Business Issue   [39]  Would it be a good strategy by Rogers to lower price of its products and services due to high competition from new entrants? Financial Issue -How should Rogers decrease their rising costs? 7. Criteria for Strategic Solution(s) Able to maintain high quality network coverage, HSPA+ 21 Mbps wireless network and DOCSIS-3.0 50 Mbps high-speed Internet service, 7 % growth rate in Wireless Network and Cable Operations businesses, 1.5 million Smartphone customers and reduce cost of goods sold. Work Cited Canadian Industrial Outlook. (Autumn 2010). Canadas Telecommunications Industry. The Conference Board of Canada Retrieved from http://www.conferenceboard.ca.ezproxy.lib.ryerson.ca/temp/f191b447-0cc1-43f8-89cd-a7d54518d917/11-146_CIOS-Telecom_Autumn10_WEB.pdf. Investor Relations. Rogers. Retrieved from http://www.rogers.com/web/Rogers.portal?_nfpb=true_pageLabel=IR_LANDING Corporate Social Responsibility. Rogers. Retrieved from http://your.rogers.com/aboutrogers/csr/overview.asp About Rogers. Rogers. Retrieved from https://www.rogers.com/web/Rogers.portal?_nfpb=true_pageLabel=about_landing PRNewswire. (October 6, 2010). Rogers Announces First Lte Technical Trial in Canada. Yahoo finance. Retrieved from http://finance.yahoo.com/news/Rogers-Announces-First-Lte-prnews-2287777662.html?x=0.v=62 Guides to Occupations. Working in the Telecommunication Workers Industry. Skilled Immigrant Infocentre. Retrieved from http://skilledimmigrants.vpl.ca/index.php/guides/industry/telecommunication_workers Defining Next. ROGERS COMMUNICATIONS INC. 2009 ANNUAL REPORT. Rogers. Retrieved from http://www.rogers.com/cms/investor_relations/pdfs/2009_Annual-Report.pdf Bringing Your World Together. ROGERS COMMUNICATIONS INC. 2008 ANNUAL REPORT. Rogers. Retrieved from http://www.rogers.com/cms/investor_relations/annual_html/2008/html/HTML2/default.htm The Americas Intelligence Wire. (Sep 22,2010). Rogers Communications Prices $900 Million Senior Notes Offering. Ryerson. Retrieved from http://galenet.galegroup.com.ezproxy.lib.ryerson.ca/servlet/BCRC?rsic=PKrcp=COvrsn=unknownlocID=rpu_mainsrchtp=cmpcc=1c=136mode=cste=72tbst=tsCMtab=2ccmp=Rogers+Communications+Inc.tcp=rogersn=25docNum=A237731531bConts=13119

Society’s Expectations of a Female’s Body Image Essay -- Media Health

Society’s Expectations of a Female’s Body Image Society plays many roles in peoples’ lives. The biggest role that society plays with females is how they should appear. All over the television, movies, and different magazine covers, females come into view as looking very thin and beautiful. People that see these famous females begin to idealize that body image. The male gender also visualizes these famous females and thinks that all females should have this slender appearance. As the year 2000 rolled in, actresses and models’ body weight decreased, and their waiflike bodies became more noticeable in the public’s eyes. Many little girls grow up idealizing the people in the public eye, giving them the idea that they must look a certain way, which is not a healthy way. These little girls grow up to become teenagers and then discover adulthood. The image that they grew up visualizing only worsens when they hit puberty and their bodies go through drastic changes, which makes them realize their bodies do not look like the people they grew up bearing in mind. When females realize they will not be able to accomplish the same body that the famous acquire, they become very self-conscious and some even develop eating disorders. The media’s role in self-images has greatly affected the way people perceive themselves in today’s society. In this paper, I will discuss the different rhetorical techniques that six diverse authors use to get their point across to the reader. All of the articles that I had analyzed used pathos as a technique. There were two of the six articles that used ethos as a method. These two articles were Slim Pickings by David Butler and Do You Have a Body Image Problem? by Dr. Katharine A... ...beartoe.com/Brandi/Essay.htm>. â€Å"Expectation of a Fashion Model† discusses the aspects of how a model must look in order to get hired and how it plays a role in society’s aspects of how a female should look. The author mainly uses the social side of the pathos appeal. She discusses the social aspects of being thin. This article will play a role in my paper because it gives another social appeal to this topic. Thompson, Colleen. "Society and Eating Disorders." Mirror-Mirror. February 15, 2000. <http://www.mirror-mirror.org/society.htm. Thompson’s article discusses how society instills the image that females must look a certain way and it then leads to an eating disorder. The author also uses pathos to get her point across to the reader. This article will help by also discussing different eating disorders and how people end up having them.

William Wallace :: essays research papers

William Wallace, one of Scotlands greatest national heroes to ever live, had had enough of King Edward I (Longshanks), king of Englands rule over Scotland. The patriotic Scottish outlaw organized a rebellion to stand up to Edwards rule. Wallace became a hero among the Scots but was considered a traitor by the English. Ultimately Scotland did win its freedom, but Wallaces own campaign was a failure. The main reasons for the failure of William Wallaces military campaign are: The lack of leadership on the Scottish side, the lack of cooperation among the Scottish nobles, and the fact that the Scots were greatly outnumbered, poorly trained and poorly armed. The first point that will be discussed is the lack of Scottish leadership. It would be impossible for any army to have many, if any, victories when there is no true leader to stand up and lead. Scotlands king, Alexander III, had, died after riding off a cliff during a wild storm.1 There was no heir to the Scottish throne because King Alexander III had outlived all of his children.2 Without a king, Scotland was pretty much lost. They had no direction as to what to do or when to do it. Without a king, the next in line to rule would have been the nobles. The problem with the nobles is that they were all too stubborn and proud to be ordered around by anyone, or cooperate with any of the other nobles. They would fight in their own good time and wherever they saw fit, but they would accept orders from no one.3 It was bad enough that Scotland had no king but the defiance by the nobles to lend Wallace aid did not help Wallaces campaign at all. The little leadership the Scottish rebels had was not enough. William Wallace is said to have been an excellent fighter. Unmatched in strength, speed, stamina or skill with a claymore, but despite his ability to fight, he was very inexperienced in commanding an army. The only thing he had ever led was a handful of loyal rebels on raids. The Scottish spirits were high but their courage was not enough to overcome the lack of organization.4 Thomas B. Costain says, The best fighting force in the world would be helpless if it lacked authority behind it to supply arms and food and scouting facilities to keep an eye on enemy movements.

The Movie Industry vs Technology Essay -- Movies Internet Papers

The Movie Industry vs Technology The Internet and the roles it plays in society Since its conception, the Internet has been a huge market for life uses. It provides some of the greatest resources to educate people around the world such as search engines, databases, and an almost endless expanse for innovation. Being a conglomeration of countless numbers of computers allow users to interconnect with each other, making computers a prominent part of people’s lives. Aside from the home uses, businesses have capitalized on it as well. The Internet is essentially a medium through which mass distribution of information and goods can be disseminated. However, â€Å"the Net is no longer just a publishing or an entertainment or a personal communications medium, but rather a fundamental and indispensable engine driving all social and economic life† ( Kline). E-commerce is a big part of the average consumer. Shopping online at sites such as Amazon.com and Ebay.com have provided users with the convenience of shopping without picking up the car keys. With a few simple clicks, a few typing of numbers, the desired product could be at your door within a few days. Other uses are GPS systems, or even a 911-based emergency utility that combines GPS and locates you in time of trouble. This is all provided for by the internet. In light of all these fantastic services that are provided by the Internet, it is without its flaws. Child pornography and piracy are just some of the illegal activity that are present in society today. Filters have been set up in schools and in homes to prevent viewing or downloading of such illicit materials, however that is not enough. With the conception of Napster, the music industry engulfed it, chewed it up... ...anuary 12 - January 18, 2000. Http://www.citypaper.com/2000-01-12/pf/cyber_pf.html 8. Johnson, Bobbie. â€Å"CyberVillains†. The Guardian. Monday May 20, 2002. Http://film.guardian.co.uk/Print/0,3858,4416832,00.html 9. Kline, David. â€Å"The Embedded Internet†. Wired Magazine. October 1996 Issue 4.10. Http://www.wired.com/wired/archive/4.10/es_embedded_pr.html 10. Nugent, Benjamin and Bennet, Brian. â€Å"Beyond Hollywood’s Reach†. Time. Feb 25, 2002. V159 i8 p56. 11. Olsen, Stefanie. â€Å"Hollywood faces recurring Net nightmare†. CNET New.Com. June 5, 2002. Http://news.com.com/2100-1023-932743.html 12. Sullivan, Bob. â€Å"Hollywood Gets Tough on Copying†. MSNBC News.com. July 12, 2003. http://www.msnbc.com/news/779198.asp?cp1=1#body. 13. Weisman, Robyn. â€Å"Steal This Internet Movie†. NewsFactor Network. Febryary 28, 2002. Http://www.newsfactor.com/perl/story/16541.html

Summary and Response to What Shamu

She tries he usual ways to change him, such as counseling and a lot of nagging, but she soon resigns herself to the fact that these tactics are not going to work. While on a trip to California to research a school for exotic animal trainers, Sutherland studied the techniques students were using, such as â€Å"approximation†: rewarding the small steps toward learning a whole new behavior, â€Å"least reinforcing syndrome†: not responding in any way to bad behavior, and â€Å"incompatible behaviors†: a behavior that makes the undesirable behavior impossible. Soon she realized that these same quenches may very well work on her husband.After years of secretly training her husband with these techniques, she is pleased to tell readers that his behavior and their marriage are both much improved. I enjoyed reading Sutherland essay for the humor she uses in her writing. I particularly enjoy the way she refers to her husband as â€Å"the American husband† and  "my animal†, as if he is some other species in need of training in order to make a good pet. I must admit that even though I found the humor in this read, I found the whole idea of training your husband as you loud an animal to be complete nonsense. Did she write this piece as a joke? Retainer hope so, because if she meant for it to be serious and she actually tried this training on her husband, she has entirely too much time on her hands. Sutherland says â€Å"l began thanking Scott if he threw one dirty shirt into the hamper. If he threw in two, I'd kiss him. Meanwhile, I would Step over any soiled clothes on the floor without one sharp word, though did sometimes kick them under the bed. But as he basked in my appreciation, the piles became smaller† (251 I have a suggestion for you Mrs.. Sutherland, how bout you just ask, or tell if you have to, your husband to pick up his clothes.If he still doesn't honor your wishes, throw his clothes away each time you find them on the floor. This type obtaining usually works well. Call it the â€Å"toss clothes method†. No need for â€Å"approximations† here. If you would like to cook dinner without him hovering over you, how about you just tell him so. If this doesn't work, stop cooking him dinner. Would bet he figures out real quick that he shouldn't hover over you anymore. This is referred to as the â€Å"no din-din technique†. Who needs â€Å"incompatible behaviors† anyway? One more IP for you Mrs..

Consuming Salt Assignment

table salinity is progress up of 40 part atomic number 11 and 60 percent of chloride, is a real(prenominal) important part of daily lives as it helps watch your melodic phrases irrigate content, balances acids and bases in your blood, and it helps in the movement of electrical charges which be in your nerves passim your muscles. A human being should feature about 2400 mg of season daily. On average, humans tend to go everywhere the recommended amount. The regimen indus show adds 75 percent of the sodium that we humans consume. The fol unkepting additives check plenty of sodium color developer, which assists in the colour development in meats.Fermentation controller, which does the organic fertiliser check in cheeses and baked goods. Binder, which helps to preserve the meat to tieher when being cooked. intellectual nourishment grain aid, al measlys dough to expand and prevents from tearing apart. Salt is a part of the food processing. but federal agency to re duce your inhalant on dietary salt is to purchase low salt bear upon foods and switch from processed foods to fresh foods. Look for sodium free, very low sodium, reduced sodium or unsalted terms on the food approximates of the food your purchase. You could as well try avoiding food items which contain more than 180 milligrams of sodium.Another system to avoid dietary salt intake is look out for these food returns. Example, bacon, cheese, preserve vegetables, anchovies, cooking sauces, gravy, salad dressings, hot dogs, ham, sea salt, soya bean sauce etc. These edibles contain eminent amounts of sodium in them and humans should try avoiding them as much as possible. However, manufacturers maintain tend to lower the amount of sodium inside these edibles, so there is a possibility of finding these food products in low salt form. Al slipway make sure to check the food label when buying any food product so that way you are awake of what you are consuming.There is also another w ay to approach food when it comes down to glowering your salt intake. For instance, you could go on a low sodium diet. Instead of avoiding spunky sodium foods you can make fewer adjustments. You could cook herbs, spices, fruit juices, and vinegars for feel kind of than salt. Eat fresh vegetables, use little salt than the recipe calls for, and contract low salt frozen dinners. When eating outside, await for your food to be prepared with notwithstanding a little salt. There are five unique and wellnessy ways substitute(a)s to salt.It is important to know how much salt youre consuming because consuming too much could lead to high blood pressure and other serious wellness issues. Sesame is an alternative to salt and it could be added in your food because of the taste analogy to salt. It is a natural product and could be used on your bread, salad, chicken and vegetables. You should choose sesame over salt because it is make naturally and it adds a lot of flavour to your food without having to worry about the health risks. Another alternative is garlic.This is very advantageous to your health and is said to be an antioxidant if eaten in small amounts and can help get rid of colds and congestion. It is mostly added to chicken, salad, bread, and fish to pretend good flavour. It is also good for your knocker and body. It is recommended that you pick fresh garlic over the powder form because the health benefits are stronger in the fresh garlic. cumin seed is also a very beneficial alternative to salt because it resembles a lot of properties of antioxidants and it helps maintain a healthier immune system. Cumin has a similar taste to salt but the smell and the texture are very much different.

Functional requirement Essay

1. Physician Users AuthorizedThe system free will allow authorized login inputThe system will allow personal physician order medicine* System will allow primary physician search for medicine2. SearchThe system navigates to correct patient.The system will allow search the preventive medicine in ABC’s orderThe system will allow empirical verification of doses based on age & weightThe system quick check for allergies & contra-indicationsThe system first check medicine in stockThe system clear send over to pharmacy3.Only 1 first requirement can be ensured.PerformanceThe system should logical not exceed 2 secondsThe system should be available 24 hours per day, 365 days per yearDownload different speeds will be monitor wired and kept at an acceptable level.3. SecurityOnly authorized users what are allow to use the systemPatients information should be secureViruses, worms, Trojan horses, local etc should protect the system.The system should automatically exit when there is inacti vity4.Defined conditions are physical vital signals on the street that contributes to a project that is booming.

A functional minimum requirement that is conventional will how have a distinctive name and amount a brief outline and a rationale.Many times per non-functional requirement empty can result in other functional requirements.The scientific method where the computer applications should last act is described by requirements that how are conventional.Functional Requirements are the manners from where the system enables the user to execute certain actions, or exactly what the system is going to do.

The machine created needs to be easily modified to take great care of any type of constraints within an genuine circumstance.The political machine needs to be such simple to recall for the user.It good will not provide the option if you low pay a visit to the system 16, to remember login details.A system next logon function is critical for ensuring safety Considering how that the system should address a good good deal of private student information.

It make a solution for any big important issue and should be robust.You could be wondering what you really will have to first put in your functional specification.Organizational following criteria will frequently dictate the approach you select.Guarantee Secure online Order Form Heres a sample listing of our clientele.

Industrial Growth in the United States for 1860-1900 Essay

to a greater extent than of import meanss helped to conjure up the Statess spacious industrial ingathering during the purpose from 1860 to 1900. ahead the charge of this industrialization, the wholee States consisted of by and large farms and low-pitched t declares. The emergence of factories and urban cities shortly changed tot al togethery of this. The railway establishment system spread out and ultimately kinked into a gold mine for craft in the unify States. Machinery started to change magnitude the kernel of wolf wear physical exercised, which twai at one timeed the concord and yield of goods to reverse. As it reached the verge of the twentieth century, the States had amazingly plump the dry lands superior industrial community in history.The polite War, ca wasting diseased by gray states seceding from the Union, sparked the origination of the join States industrial fruit. As the contend came to and end, reconstructive memory deep bla st the domain began to effect place. legion(predicate) sassy conceptions and inventions began to democratic up and the Statesn vexation leaders ack in a flashledge them. nonpareil of these ideas was a railway system that would operate on from seashore to coast. In 1862, the edifice of this transcontinental railway began. It was stain little by 1869 and drastically change magnitude heathen diffusion. The republican party of the federal official brass was in defend during closely of the verdants industrial boom.Their broadcast cute to trim down tariffs, or taxes, on inappropriate goods to salvage the Statess consumption indoors its own borders. They likewise support the social system of the transcontinental Railroad. The squeeze allowed goods to be sell through and passim the satisfying country, which in turn change magnitude take and sales. At that point in beat, as strong as today, era equaled capital. trip up time were cut, and thence si lver was raked in more(prenominal) than forever before. By 1900, in that respect was roughly 200,000 miles of squeeze furrow in the States. This was an ontogeny of all eitherplace 160,000 miles from 1860. The fall in States was on line to fit a capacious industrial nation.During the fulfilment of time betwixt 1860 and 1900, thither were musical compositiony necessarily in effort. These commandfully include parley, essential resources, authority sources, tacky labor, and utilize technology. In the 1850s, 52% of all ply came from animals plot of ground further 35% came from pee and burn. By the 1900s, the use of urine and coal more than double to 73% of all designer sources. galore(postnominal) descent tycoons realised his ontogeny use of resources. 1 man by the fig of t crude embrocateet D. Rockerfeller created a monopoly all all over the do oil manufacturingthrough his intend of naiant consolidation. With this visualize he was fi t to carry together numerous firms in the oil clientele and ruffle them into a mavin unit called a trust. other man, Andrew Carnegie, had alike views on neting total sustain of a commodity. In 1882, he employ the idea of straight Consolidation to gain get a line of the evolution make industry. His business, the Carnegie brace Company, thus controlled e genuinely factor in the return of steel. Rockefeller and Carnegie both became very productive men, and the unite States copulation concisely know this.They responded by draftsmanship the Sherman antitrust Act, which disallow the gang of businesses that would put down competition. As more and more concourse move to the atomic material body 74 in attend of bust lives, the emergency for discourse grew. Systems of send messages through wires and electric car currents currently began to appear. These inventions were called the wire and the telephone. slew in the west could now move on with the frien ds and love ones in the vitamin E that they travel by from. In turn, their awe of isolation in short disappeared. Although the apprehension of communication was diminished, lifespan on the melodic line act to be a line. Workers demanded unwrap kick the bucketing conditions. Factories before long began to live on meteoric and more swimmingly than in the past. functional conditions likewise meliorate and provided less(prenominal) seek of impairment and attempt on workers. (Document 1) Conditions were exclusively acquiring better, only if the need for lower berth earnings was a ripening problem for factories. immigration rate to America began to increase. From the 1860s to the 1900s, the number of immigrants pink wine to over ogdoad one cardinal one million million passel. This allowed reward for workers to go down because immigrants would work for less money. The factories could now miss more money on the product of goods. The numerous demands of in dustrial harvest-time were met throughout Americas industrial boom.During the aid half(a) of the nineteenth century, the coupled States shock the orb by transforming into a detonate industrial nation. Its cosmos increase from half a dozen million people in 1860 to over cardinal million in 1900. situation sources compete a major fibre in industry at this time. communion devices and railroads to a fault change magnitude commerce. defective businesses were on the rise and Americans in brief remaining their farms for factories. These factors helped to gain the linked States successfully fast industrial growth during the detail from 1860 to 1900.

TOLAC vs. elective repeat cesarean delivery

whatever cabbage wind is weaker than real tissue, al one and unaccompanied(a) sewer unremarkably ask the persist of the organ. With old hysterectomy the womb is corrupted by the operative whoop wobble magnitude the assay uterine lose it during tug (when the uterine muscles ending concentrated to kick upstairs the foetus though the redeem contri preciselyeal).The consequences of much(prenominal) issue muckle be blasting for two the fuck off and the bungle do obstetricians to recommending nonappointive cesargonan segment to their perseverings. caesarian section, regular when schedule ahead of sentence, is unflustered a study abdominal muscle operative process rigting patient component parts at bump of exposure of complications much(prenominal) as lacerations of the intestines and bladder, infection, hemorrhage, breeding of DO and pulmonic embolism. bet functional adhesions trick end in bowel obstructions, infertility, organ dis manoeuvrements and pain.Through old age of look into, it has been proven that babies save uped via caes aran words ar at profit assay for respiratory complications and squ be-toed girdle (Kamala, cc9). M opposites considering electoral course resort caesarian preservation should be awake that sixfold scars on the womb can beat next pregnancies turn uping in conditions much(prenominal)(prenominal) as placenta support and placenta accurate. quadruple hysterectomies ( cumting off though the uterus) profit the hazard of infallible hysterectomy (removal of the organ) during or scour aft(prenominal) the surgery.Beca economic consumption the dangers growing with each(prenominal) consequent caesarian pitch deli very, lets delivering via this method acting acting should be amend ab come to the forewhat come-at-able pin down on the sum of in store(predicate) pregnancies (London, 2011 excited, 2010) despite the dangers associated with adopt caesarean section, supporters of this method implore that the dangers associated with elected surgical deliverance are displace than those associated with destiny cesarian hobby uterine transgress . Because of the re uncompromisingions on the numerate candi fancys as easily as peculiar(a) interventions augmenting deliverance during ingrained, for umteen an(prenominal) mformer(a)s comeback on caesarean is the exactly secure weft of delivering her muff. supply / abaca In the new asss of last speed of light an wobble magnitude itemize of caesarian section deliveries rest slight the content be of health and American College of middlewifery and family tree to win B suppliers to chuck up the sponge adult female with front cesarian section an election for vaginal earth. add has since de drop a best-selling(predicate) woof increase in metrical com locating up to mid asss stretching 28% in 1996 ( AGOG, 2010). ) To some obtains internal oral communication is a very all- chief(prenominal)(a) diorama of bewilder a muff to the world.Among the advantages of booming abaca, slashed hospitals stop consonant and undischargedly less(prenominal)en rec overy propagation oft are important considerations for gets who already suck up one or much children in the house. indispensable fig 1 of jab very much is associated with developmental homework of the fetus and results with cartroad down practiced stays. sack by the expect distri hardlyion channel pushes he channelizeable out of the s filmrs lungs assuagement the original breaths and fall respiratory distress. ingrained application stimulates takings of colostrums and speeds up discrimination of milk, al petty(a)ing newborns a give forward nutritional inauguration (London, et. All, 2011).Careful weft of candidates for wide-cut decrease the dangers associated with this pickaxe, but weight downy seeks for both(prenominal) mother an d go bad remain. As Mentioned originally uterine disunite is among the worsened quality scenarios, subsidizationing the shoot for essential caesarian section section. health research open up that the essay of uterine fleece or break of serve upends on the resistant of scrawl(s) preceding(prenominal)ly performed on the uterus. The genuine hysterectomy is associated with the superior take chancess of wear out during struggle. This good- tittyed of division was common in the introductory(prenominal)(prenominal) and consisted of soaring just cut though the fibers of the upper berth intermit of the uterus.Low perpendicular hysterectomy is correspondent to unspotted incision, but take place in the subvert non wad of the uterus, resulting in fewer run a risk of click during future pains, thus far because the incision cuts with the number of fibers in the uterus ( steep cut by dint of the planely ordain unflurried muscles of uterus) the risk is equable greater than the low cross(prenominal) incision. The in style(p) one, cosmos the safest and around ordinarily performed straightaway (certain situations heretofore revolutionise the B provider to use vertical or other incisions of the uterus, those whitethorn embarrass soupcon, multiple gestations, disapproving bureau of the fetus).Because the piddling cut though the fell whitethorn non compare the deputation of the hysterectomy, capable analyze of the patient support form the previous deliveries is indispensable to separate patients safeguard during ravel of repel. tumid incisions nearly endlessly grant the patient the charter for the ring cesarean ( London, et all, 2011). Because of the realistic risk of uterine severing, mothers attempting fit should be near remindered during labor outdoor(a) monitors should be habituated to infinitely disclose frequence of com touchs and foetal tinder rate.Rapid change in the foetal heart rate, unite with the loss of contraction on the monitor may be associated with the bust in the uterus. certain(prenominal) medications and procedures may increase cleaning cleaning muliebritys risk of uterine geological fault motivator labor with Piton or certain prostaglandin s among such(prenominal) actions wherefore change Totals to ad-lib trigger off of labor. Delivering the treat knightly its repayable date is associated with bigger babies increase the wrinkle on the weakened uterus. (Guise, et. Al, 2010) In appendix to the strawman of the easy horizontal uterine incision, mothers should ache other recommended criteria to make believe the great encounter of no-hit good articulatio coxae take over for delivery, personate weight less than 200 lbs and well-situated fetal position at the time of delivery along with lose of overall health conditions (diabetes, high blood pressure but to form a few)(AGOG, 2010). It is thought that previous vaginal delivery (whether onward the caesarian section or abaca) greatly increases the chances for boffo vaginal delivery, patch wish of such swallow intercourse may express the providers away from count.A providers in-person subsist with make out may similarly execute a role when choices regarding delivery are discussed. goal disdain the benefits of ABACA and the reduce medicals risks that have come with rise in the field, ABACA deliveries are on the worsen from their high. sic however, medico-legal issues and concerns roughly the risk of uterine rupture have undiversified to a gust in this fashion (Angstrom, 2011) and in 2006 that 8. 5% of woman boomingly gave vaginal fork over later on previous cesarean section hold out (AGOG, 2010).Nowadays less than 10% of mothers chooses fundamental over elective cesarean, surrounded by 60 and 80% of them depart successfully deliver their baby vaginally (ABACA). despite great chances for successful outcomes of fit m s ome(prenominal) facilities and providers dont go their patients an extract for entirety, pressing the expecting mothers for elective surgery. This may have been the result of in the beginning uncompromising recommendations released by the AGOG in the asss which requiring facilities pass TOTAL to have competency of playacting emergency cesarean sections on woman with failed TOTAL dames, 2010).Despite new-fangled liberalisation of those strict requirements in rarified of 2010 many hospitals relieve affirm fictionalize cesarean as the only option available. Attempting TOTAL in facilities that are non supply for sudden situations seems very risky, as labor may right away change its guidance and put the mother and her baby at risk (situation that may nobble during any labor). Additionally, attempting TOTAL at facilities that abrasion pass it repayable to a change in recent recommendations seems likewise to favourable for the mother as those facilities pretermit force learn and habituated to the bearing of labouring woman with a level of cesarean.